15 thoughts on “Rhetorical Devices: Parenthesis and Enumeratio”
Parenthesis
Exercise 1
2. Parenthesis: “They have been launched at random hours and from various locations – including trains and an underwater silo – to make them harder to intercept.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/world/asia/north-korea-missile-tests.html
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement “including trains and underwater silo” emphasize the various locations where missiles are launched from. This makes it seem as if the locations are random, which further supports the claim that missiles launched by North Korea are harder to intercept.
3. Parenthesis: “In the rose-metallic vision of libertarians like Peter Thiel – who of course, founded PayPal – operating in a cash-free world is easier and more convenient than handing grubby lucre.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/opinion/cashless-pay-problem.html
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement, “who of course, founded PayPal,” elaborates on Peter Thiel. Without the parenthesis, those who do not know who Peter Thiel is will probably glance over the name or take the time to search up who he is. With the parenthesis, the reader knows who he is.
4. Parenthesis: “The planes – a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and a Bell P-63 Kingcobra – crashed at about 1:20 p.m. local time, the Federal Aviation Administration said.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/12/us/plane-crash-dallas.html
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement between the dashes offers additional information; it clarifies the type of airplanes that were involved in the crash. The reason why this statement is effective is that the statement serves as an interesting fact that does not take away from the main idea of the sentence.
5. Parenthesis: The gloomy octopus – its real name – is in the small club of animals that toss things at other members of their own species.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/science/octopus-throwing-silt.html
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement is “its real name.” This statement simply doubles down on the absurd fact that another alias of the specific type of octopus is the “gloomy octopus.” This serves to incline the reader to question further why the octopus has that name.
6. Parenthesis: “Mice, it turns out, can’t puke – a little foible that typically makes it difficult to use them to study nausea.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/01/science/brains-neurons-vomit.html
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement “it turns out,” serves to surprise the reader with the fact that mice cannot puke. One would expect mice to have the capability to regurgitate, so this comes as a surprise, and it helps segue into the next part of the sentence.
7. Parenthesis: “A study by French researchers that was published last month in the journal Animal Cognition found that not only do cats react to what scientists call cat-directed speech — a high-pitched voice similar to how we talk to babies — they react to who is doing the talking.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/12/science/cat-talking-owners-voice-dog.html?action=click&module=Well&pgtype=Homepage§ion=Science
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement “ a high-pitched voice similar to how we talk to babies” is an explanatory phrase that provides an example of “cat-directed speech.” Though it may have been better to replace the entire statement with “pspspspspspspspsp.”
Exercise 2:
2. Snapping the wooden pencil – stronger than I thought it was – left my hands with splinters.
3. The customer, miscreant that he is, asked the Baskin Robbins worker to give him a free sample of all the ice cream flavors.
4. The student’s sneeze, which reminded me of spraying a bottle of Windex, hinted at the beginning of allergy season.
5. The spicy dinner, that he engulfed without breaking a sweat, fought back a few hours later.
6. You can see the D train – a surprisingly reliable train – go up and down in the tunnels between 59th street and 125th street.
7. Her cat – whose name is Bartholomew – has a habit of sleeping frequently.
8. Chalkdust, which I guess is an okay substitute for coffee creamer, falls into the math teacher’s coffee every time he erases the chalkboard.
9. It made sense as to why his phone charger (which he bought for ninety-nine cents) stopped working after a week.
10. The students were visibly (and rightfully) upset after finding out their trip was canceled.
Exercise 3
1. Explanation: Adding the parenthetical phrase puts an emphasis on the fact that time and energy are in short supply, and it is crucial to understand that before housebreaking a puppy. Housebreaking a puppy will prove to take up a bunch of time and energy, so it will serve well to find ways to prioritize the housebreaking and other duties.
2. Explanation: The parenthetical phrase puts an emphasis on tic-tac-toe being a simple game, and the sentence offers a simple strategy to maximize the chance of a player winning.
3. Explanation: The parenthetical phrase prioritizes the distinction between colas and clear sodas whereas the unaltered version of the statement describes colas first, and then clear soda. The distinction is the focus of the sentence, so the parenthesis helps with that as well.
4. Explanation: The parenthetical phrase mentions examples of movies that DiCaprio starred in. The mentioned movies are well-known, and especially known for starring DiCaprio. The parenthetical phrase may also claim that if DiCaprio feels inclined toward a certain role, then the movie starring him will become well-known.
5. Explanation: The parenthetical phrase simply serves to make an interesting remark about another event that happened during the year 1789; it is not tied in with the topic that the sentence is about, but it is still interesting, therefore being parenthetical.
Exercise 4
1. The first sentence is better because it puts aside information that is useful to know about McKennitt, but it is not the main focus of the sentence.
2. The second sentence is better not only because it flows well but also because of its use of periods. The first sentence is somewhat hard to digest. Furthermore, in the second sentence, the only parenthetical statement is where Fifi is described as a lap dog. In this case, the parenthesis puts a focus on Fifi being a lap dog, which are known to be small. Coupled with the events that transpire later in the sentence, there is a strong effect that results from associating Fifi with a lap dog that held intruders at bay.
3. The first sentence is better because it attributes the description of Edgar Allen Poe to be contrary to what was supposedly believed before. The parenthesis does not become the main focus of the sentence and it simply enhances it by referencing a “recent scholarship.” The main focus of the sentence is still the fact that Poe was “not an alcoholic and drug addict.”
4. The second sentence is better. The parenthetical statement in sentence one with the mention of the partner does absolutely nothing to the sentence, nor is it an interesting remark. The parenthetical statement in the second sentence is during the description of the gown. The diction used for the description of the gown makes it look grotesque. The parenthetical statement aids in the transition to the last part of the sentence where it is certain that Moseley will be placed on a “worst-dressed [list].”
5. The first statement is better because it focuses on the comparison between mental illness and diabetes, which has been a focus for a long time, whereas the second statement does not. With the focus on the parenthesis, the reader may ask “Why is not mental illness treated with the same urgency as diabetes?”
Enumeratio
Exercise 1
2. Unlike driving in video games, driving in real life is more than a gas pedal, brake pedal, and steering.
3. His neighbor’s fridge consisted of vegetables, fruits, two gallons of whole milk, and a bunch of Tupperware containing leftovers.
4. A typical single-variable calculus course consists of limits, derivatives, series, and integrals.
5. There are three things that should be done to solve a physics problem efficiently: first, list the known variables; second, find the equation(s) of interest; and third, substitute and solve for the unknown quantity.
6. There are plenty of great rides to choose from when visiting Six Flags Great Adventure in New Jersey such as: Batman, El Toro, Green Lantern, Kingda Ka, Superman, Joker, and Nitro.
7. Christmas is his favorite holiday for many reasons: he gets numerous gifts, he drinks hot chocolate, and he stays cozy inside during the break.
8. Taking care of a pet involves getting them food, letting them be active, cleaning up after them, and taking them to a vet.
9. Basic troubleshooting of an aircraft system involves knowing how the system should work, observing how it is working, and then dividing the system to find the problem.
10. To do a geometric construction, first assume you have found the solution; then, actually do the problem.
Exercise 2
2. During summer vacation, I like to travel, I like to catch up with entertainment and friends that I have missed during the school year, and I like to have a paying job.
3. Through hard work and dedication during college, I see myself working as an engineer, at an aerospace company, and doing something cool with propulsion systems or aerodynamics in the next five to ten years.
4. Coupled with alliances between countries, the imperialistic and militaristic nature of those countries, intense nationalism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, it is no surprise why World War I broke out.
5. Where does rain come from? First, bodies of water on Earth are heated up by the Sun, causing them to turn into vapor, and rise into the air. Then, once the water vapor rises high enough that it becomes cold, the vapor condenses into clouds. Finally, when the clouds become too heavy, the clouds fall and turn back into water, causing rain.
6. To set up an email account: first, go to a website where you can create an email, such as Outlook, Yahoo, or Gmail; second, click on an option to create a new email; then, fill in the information the service requests from you; third, repeat the process for infinite free trials to your favorite streaming service.
1.Parenthesis:
Scientists in Peru have been sent to collect samples of an unidentified object, believed to be a meteorite, which fell…
Source:
ABC News online
Effective or not:
effective
Explanation:
The parenthetical “believed to be a meteorite” adds important information. The object is unidentified, but they think it is a meteor.
1.Parenthesis: “Mr. Grooms last year bought a battery-powered Nissan Leaf, spending about $20,000 after government incentives, as a way to save money on gasoline.”
Explanation: $20,000 is a lot of money but to spend all that money to save money on gasoline shows how expensive gasoline is and the importance of electric vehicles.
2.Parenthesis: “Battery-powered cars now make up the fastest-growing segment of the auto market, with sales jumping 70 percent in the first nine months of the year from the same period in 2021, according to data from Cox Automotive, a research and consulting firm.”
Explanation: It provides an example of how fast battery-powered cars have grown within the auto market and makes the statement sound more reliable.
3.Parenthesis: “Buyers of battery-powered cars are concerned about climate change, but lower costs are also a powerful attraction, according to more than 3,000 respondents to a request for stories about electric car purchases on The New York Times’s website.“
Explanation: It’s effective because it gives another pro of buying/having electric cars. They help with climate change and are also just the more affordable car.
4.Parenthesis: “Many said they would never buy a gasoline car again, but many others said they intended to keep at least one conventional vehicle, because traveling long distances by electric car can be inconvenient and sometimes impossible because of difficulties in finding charging stations.”
Explanation: I’m not so sure about this because it doesn’t really show any pros of electric vehicles. However it is open and honest with people’s opinions in which there are some things that an electric car can cause in not good ways.
5.Parenthesis: “But it may be a while before there are enough affordable models, including used cars, which sell in much greater numbers than new vehicles.”
Explanation: I’m not so sure of the purpose of including used cars. I would assume that it’s to show that there is this potential movement/wave towards affordable models. Since used cars are used more, people are taking into account that to make sure it’s affordable b/c more consumers purchase used cars.
6.Parenthesis: “Last week, thousands of New Yorkers waited in endless lines to contemplate Allen’s holdings at Christie’s, and I think that’s because they knew it might be half a lifetime before they got another chance to see most of them.”
Explanation: I think reading it without the parenthetical stuff would sound awkward and confusing. I don’t think that there was a need for it and it probably could have been connected or written with only one comma or just two sentences. There’s just probably a better way to write the sentence.
Exercise 2:
She went to bed at 11 pm, which was later than usual, after finishing her homework.
On Sunday Mary worked out her lower body, specifically her glutes, at the gym.
Tom likes to take pictures of flowers, because they remind him of his mom, every weekend.
Mary’s birthday–which happens on a leap year is celebrated elaborately.
The mochi donuts were very small but very sweet–so sweet that I could only eat 1 out of the 6.
When I get bored, which happens specifically at 3 pm, I like to make paper airplanes.
I woke up at 5:30 am, because of biting down too hard on my jaw, and read some books to pass the time.
He walked down the aisle looking for some mac and cheese, specifically cheetos mac and cheese, because he was craving it.
When they applied hand sanitizer, only on their knuckles, they jumped in pain from an open cut.
Exercise 3:
1.Time and energy are often in short supply, but they are important when housetraining a puppy.
OR
Time and energy, which are often in short supply, are important when housebreaking a puppy.
Explanation: The main idea is that time and energy is important when housebreaking a puppy. The second sentence makes it more clear by having “which are often in short supply” in commas to help separate it a bit rather than be fully a part of the main idea.
2.The best way to win at a simple game like tic-tac-toe is to start by taking a corner.
OR
The best way to win at tic-tac-toe, a simple game, is to start by taking a corner.
Explanation: By having “a simple game” be in commas help give the understanding that winning or the best way to win is a very simple and easy way b/c the game is not complex.
3.Colas contain caramel coloring, but clear sodas do not.
Explanation: It provides a distinction or unique difference that colas has while still having the identity of a clear soda. The first sentence makes it seem as if Colas is not a clear soda.
4.Leonardo DiCaprio, star of Titanic and The Aviator, is very selective about his roles.
OR
Leonardo DiCaprio is very selective about his roles.
Explanation: It helps people understand the movies as well as an idea of what kind of role he played. It helps provide some context rather than stating something.
5.The year 1789, often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, was a year of political stability in the new United States.
OR
The year 1789 is often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, but it was a year of political stability in the new United States.
Explanation: The use of the parentheses or commas help provide a contrast in thinking. The year 1789 is usually associated with something violent and is also a year of political stability.
Exercise 4:
1.Loreena McKennitt, a composer and singer of Celtic music, is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
OR
Loreena McKennitt is a composer and singer of Celtic music. She is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: It combines the two sentences so it doesn’t sound awkward and has a clear main idea, which is that Loreena Mckennitt is appearing in Washington, DC.
2.Fifi, a toy poodle, one raised primarily as a lap dog, held three household intruders, who had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, at bay for five hours until the owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his second wife Edith, came home from the theater, where they had been watching a new musical.
OR
Fifi, a toy poodle raised as a lap dog, held three household intruders at bay for five hours. The intruders had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his wife Edith. Fifiheld the intruders until the Seamuses came home
from the theater and were able to call the police.
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The first is basically a run off sentence and sounds a bit choppy and confusing to follow because there are so many side remarks.
3.Edgar Allen Poe was, according to the most recent scholarship, not an alcoholic and drug addict
OR
Edgar Allen Poe was not an alcoholic and drug addict.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The first one includes the use of commas, and adds in additional information separated a bit from the main idea. It also simply makes it sound a bit more interesting rather than very straightforward and direct.
4.Aylisha Moseley, accompanied by her partner of many years, Aldous Pierson-Bomcroft, appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. Hers was an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl, which is certain to cement Ms.Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
OR
Aylisha Moseley appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. The gown—an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl—is certain to cement Ms. Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The first includes commas/information in areas that don’t really need to be included such as “accompanied by her partner of many years”.
5.Mental illness, a physiological condition like diabetes, should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
OR
Mental illness is a physiological condition like diabetes and should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: It gives a pause and also helps make the main idea clear in which it’s talking about mental illnesses in general and not specifically diabetes.
Enumeratio
Exercise 1:
1. When you’re sick it starts off with a sore throat and a cough, to a runny nose, change in voice and feeling absolutely terrible.
2. On the weekends I spend my time sleeping, eating, procrastinating on homework and just wasting time doing things I don’t have to do.
3. When I got my paycheck at first I treated myself to a simple dinner, then I bought a bunch of figures and toys and eventually bought myself clothes that used up the remaining of my paycheck.
4. The process of doing homework starts off by sitting down somewhere, changing your position every 5 minutes, writing down a sentence or two to eventually playing games and forgetting the fact that it’s due by the end of the day.
5. When my sister got a dog she had to comb his hair daily, wash him at least once a month, clip his nails when they were too long and make sure that he was well fed and taken out for daily walks.
6. On school days, I wake up, brush my teeth, get changed, eat breakfast and then chill for a good 20 minutes before going to school.
7. When I sleep my dreams can range from action-packed, depressing, full on weird, borderline nightmare and forgettable.
8. The 5 stages of grief are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and then acceptance.
9. Before I visited my friend, I got dressed, went to the flower shop to buy flowers, went to a bookstore to buy some books and then to Industry City where I had breakfast.
Exercise 2:
1.
Things you like to do during summer vacation: During my summer vacation I like to tan, eat ice cream, go to amusement parks and chill at home.
2.
Where you see yourself in the next five to ten years and how you got there: In the next 5-10 years I’ll be most likely fresh out of college, stressed and overwhelmed, still working a part time job and searching online on what jobs to do.
3.
The events that led to a well-known war: It starts with an assassination of someone important, to war between two countries and then the involvement of allies and war between those countries.
4.
The cycle of rain formation: Within the rain cycle, water vapor evaporates, condenses, and the precipitates back into the ground.
5.
How to set up an email account: To set up an email account make an email, set up a strong but memorable password, personalize the icon and site.
1. I have grown up with this business and it now needs to grow beyond our current borders into the green fields of opportunity in markets away from these shores, where we can excite new customers and build further on our outstanding success so far.
2. I am going down to the station to catch the train to town where I shall go ot the bank, visit the hairdresser, buy some flowers, then catch the train back so I can be here for five o’clock, just before Richard and Jane come.
3. I love her eyes, her hair, her nose, and her cheeks, that’s what Mike said.
4. I can cook a lot of food like mashed potatoes, chicken, mac n’ cheese, and rice.
5. Today Sarah is going to school, then to the hair salon, and after that, she is going to the mall to buy some clothes.
6. Tony got an A on his biology exam, English exam, his math final, and physics presentation.
7. Chris didn’t understand if to solve the math equation he need to ask the teacher, asked his friend, or use PEMDAS.
8. For the party we need to bring, chairs, a table, cups, and drinks.
9. For the Halloween costume we need to buy a costume, some makeup, accessories, and hair products if we want to be a princess.
10. For school I need to buy some notebooks, pencils, pens, and some highlighters.
Exercise 2:
1. Things you like to do during summer vacation: For my summer vacation trip I needed to do last-minute shopping, clean my house, and pack my suitcase.
2. Where do you see yourself in the next five to ten years and how you got there: In the next five to ten years I see myself in medical school, enjoying life, and learning new things.
3. The events that led to a well-known war: Franco-Russian Alliance (1894), First German Naval Law, (1898), The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Austria-Hungary’s Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1908), The Second Moroccan Crisis (1911), Italy Invades Libya (1911), The Balkan Wars (1912-13), and Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1914) these events lead to War World 1.
4. The cycle of rain formation: Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to form clouds, and precipitates back to earth in the form of rain and snow.
5. How to set up an email account: First you create an email then have a password, and then you have an email account.
Parenthesis:
Exercise 2:
1. Tony, on the other hand, is considered extremely trustworthy.
2. House prices in Alton, which is only 25 minutes from London, are soaring.
3. Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth but supreme beauty.
4. They roasted the winning brisket — the size of a pillow — in a mighty clay oven.
5. John, however, drinks like a fish.
6. Sarah, on the other hand, eats like a big.
7. Today is my sister’s birthday so my mother served tres leche- a Hispanic delicacy that is made with three different types of milk.
8. The roasted chicken–the size of a pig–in a stone oven.
9. Kris, on the other hand, is considered extremely disloyal.
Exercise 3:
1. Adding the underline part helps to show that it is important to know that it is in short supply.
2. A simple game is parenthetical because it is important but not essential to know.
3. Unlike clear soda is parenthetical because it helps to differentiate that clear soda is the exception.
4. Star of Titanic and The Aviator is parenthetical because it is important to have some examples of films he was a part of.
5. Often associated with the beginning of the french revolution is parenthetical because it’s something to know but not important.
Exercise 4:
1. The first one because it is important to add that Loreena is a composer and singer.
2. The second one is because it delivers its message more effectively because it expands on the sentence and broke it up.
3. The first one is because it expands on why Edgar is not an alcoholic and drug addict.
4. The second one is because gives a description to expand on what it is.
5. The first one is because it defines what mental illness is but is not necessary for the main idea of the sentence.
parenthesis
1. the price of eggs, once a dollar for a dozen, has skyrocketed.
2. Here is where you will immerse yourselves, immerse into the world of Harry Potter
4. this cream is great, great for reducing fine lines and wrinkles
5. this would have never been solved until the superhero -better late than never- arrived
6. true love’s kiss – from someone who brushed their teeth preferably- saves the day.
7. parenthesis, the punctuation marks, are said to undermine an argument.
9. Michelle, contrary to popular belief, is a twerp
10. The Declaration of Independence- arguably the most important document of our time- was signed at the bottom
1. Rather than using the word “but,” the aside allows for a more additional attitude towards the sentence rather than an exclusive one.
2. It isn’t essential to include this, but it is parenthetical and is more active than passive.
3. This is organized more academically and flows better
4. This adds examples and can help prove that he has the right to be selective since he makes so much money with these roles. It can also help the readers understand who the sentence is talking about.
5. It deflects slightly from the original point of the sentence, but includes accurate background.
1. the first is more effective since it flows better and is a single sentence.
2. the second one is more effective since it tells the story in a more organized way without altering what happened.
3. the first is more effective since it includes the source of knowledge
4. the first is more effective since it includes the aside in the first sentence as to who she was with.
5. the first is more effective since it adds a useful pause in the argument
Enumeratio
1. I woke up, got ready for the day, traveled by train, and made it to campus
2. It’s easier said than done: first you have to mix the ingredients, then put it in the pan, then put it in the oven, then wait for it to bake.
3. Rhetorical devices are limitless, including simile, metaphor, anaphora, and more.
5. There are three big ideas: get money, get rich, and pay for lawyers.
6. I went to the grocery store, the park, Starbucks, and my friend’s house yesterday.
7. I got great grades: all 100s in my math, science, English, history, and Spanish class.
9. I love reading, including the books Pride and Prejudice, Song of Achilles, Paper Towns, Crime and Punishment, and Animal Farm.
1. I went to the beach, came home, had lunch, went to the pool, got ready for dinner, went out, and finally came home that summer.
2. I just want to be happy: maybe kids, a significant other, a degree or two on my walls, and a steady job will give me that.
3. the water cycle is simple: water evaporates, condensates in clouds, then precipitates and falls in the form of rain.
5. To create an email account, you go to google, search “how to make an email account,” then follow the clear instructions there.
Parenthesis:
Exercise 2:
2. Shella chose the red vehicle, green was off-limits according to mum apparently, and went on her merry way.
3. She knew it was Kayla (she could never be confused with Tati who was a whole head taller) and waved her over.
4. I wasn’t lying (well, I was a little, but that wasn’t the point!).
5. Cole reached for the shiny medal — a second-place medal mind you— but still very shiny.
6. Sally, by extreme contrast (like seriously, how could they be more different), would never lie.
7. Tiny hands, although very dirty and uncoordinated, grabbed at the rubber duck.
8. It was time to pull out all the stops– this only happened in very dire situations– to impress grandma.
9. It is important to note in history— more specifically American history— that connections are a powerful tool.
10. Talia was an amazing girl, smart, tall, very athletic, kind, and helpful, overall better than any other person I’ve met.
Exercise 3:
2. The parenthetical “a simple game” gives more emphasis and is less dismissive than the first sentence.
3. The parenthetical clearly distinguishes the difference between cola and clear sodas. It makes it clear that cola is not a clear soda and contains caramel coloring, while in the previous sentence one would not necessarily know that cola is a dark soda.
4. The parenthetical gives the reputation or clarification of Leonardo Dicaprio, because with his name alone one may not know who he is, but with the examples of well-known films one understands the importance or prestige of this actor.
5. The parenthetical shifts the focus off of the French Revolution, that is not the point of the sentence. Instead, it gives the reader an idea/context to anchor on for the rest of the sentence.
Exercise 4:
The first sentence is better because it combines the two sentiments into one idea, it is more impactful that way, which two separate sentences lack.
The second sentence because the first sentence ruins the flow of reading by pausing way too often and makes it awkward.
The first one because it provides some evidence/clarity as to why Edgar Allen Poe was not an alcoholic or drug addict.
The second sentence because it can be read quickly and give the stronger, scathing, effect of the sentence.
The first sentence because it gives the reader a pause to digest the comparison of mental illness and diabetes (just as important/critical).
Enumeratio:
Exercise 1:
2. Amelia is a kind, gentle, helpful, and encouraging friend.
3. How is this a bad idea? Well, it’s dark, raining, and there’s a menacing figure past that rock.
4. Why am I busy? Let’s look at the factors: Math homework, English homework, Social Studies homework, and Science homework, all take hours each to complete.
5. I like watching animated tv shows, like Spongebob Squarepants, Kaijudo, Powerpuff Girls, Owl House, and The Secret Saturdays.
6. Whenever I am overwhelmed, I think of my family, friends, my hobbies, ad everything I love.
7. Tomorrow is a busy day: I have to go to the Dentist, pick up my little sister, buy groceries, and be back in time for the party.
8. The soft grass, the wind in my hair, the pleasant sun rays on my skin, this is the greatest day.
9. Mikey thought I was lying, my sister thought so, my brother, and even my mom!
10. Let’s not forget that I, Samantha, sister to two, and leader of the bird-watching brigade, am in charge.
Exercise 2:
2. Summer vacation is the best! I can sleep in, go to the beach, and stay up all night playing games!
3. I have worked nonstop, training my hands, and practicing every day to be an animator. Not only that, but through my determination, dependability, and increased skill I’ve become lead animator.
4. The unfair Treaty of Versailles toward Germany, the rise of militarism, the economic depression of Germany, and the invasion of Poland caused WWII.
5. The water cycle: water evaporates into the atmosphere, condenses to form clouds, precipitates, and the cycle continues.
In order to create an email account, you need to go to google (which is the best email account), select create an email, create an email address, and then create a password.
Parenthesis
Excercise 1:
1) Parenthesis: “For two decades, Ms. Pelosi of California, 82, and Representatives Steny H. Hoyer of Maryland, 83, the House majority leader, and James E. Clyburn of South Carolina, 82, the Democratic whip, have remained at the top of their party in the House, freezing out dozens of ambitious junior lawmakers who were eager to ascend to more senior roles. ”
Source: The New York Times
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: Including parenthesis after each person mentioned allows for more detail and description in an organized manner.
2)Parenthesis: “Mr. Jeffries was among the impeachment managers who made the case to convict former President Donald J. Trump on charges of obstructing Congress and abusing the power of his office, at one point dropping a quote from the rapper Biggie Smalls, a fellow Brooklynite.”
Source: The New York Times
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: At the end of the quote they include a comma after mentioning Biggie Smalls to describe where he is from which provides more context for the audience.
3)Parenthesis: “Commercial traffic was banned Thursday afternoon on about 130 miles of the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) in the Rochester and Buffalo area to the Pennsylvania border, Hochul’s office said.”
Source: CNN
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthesis after New York State Thruway provides more information about the Interstate and what it is so more people know what they are referring to.
4) Parenthesis: “Further, officials in New York’s Erie County – which includes Buffalo – also declared a state of emergency and banned driving beginning Thursday night.”
Source: CNN
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthesis specifies a piece of information that could be vague or not known if they hadn’t included it.
5) Parenthesis: “That last game was a stunning 2-1 victory for Leeds over title challengers Liverpool, during which Aaronson ran 8.2 miles—the farthest any English Premier League (EPL) player has managed all season.”
Source: TIME
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: By including the parenthesis this lets the reader know why that piece of information is important and its significance.
6) Parenthesis: “Notably, both brothers scored in their first Major League Soccer (MLS) starts.”
Source: TIME
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthesis after Major League Soccer helps clarify an acronym and if they didn’t include it then the readers wouldn’t have known an important piece of information.
Exercise 2:
1) Debra went to her old, green car that was on its last leg.
2) They were on their way to get a new puppy, which they were going to name Spot.
3) That was when we finally decide on our favorite food- Meat Lovers Pizza.
4) On my birthday, January 13, I received a red velvet delicious cake.
5) The test was said to be difficult by the class before us (an honors class), so we were worried.
6) The doodles (cats scribbled all over the desk) were making the teachers angry.
7) She took out her blue, glittery water bottle.
8) After looking at her folder, which was worn down and ripping, she knew it was time to get a new one.
9) As they were walking to the corner store- the best one in the neighborhood- they realized they forgot their wallets.
10) She walked up to the NAC Building (a large, grey concrete building on campus).
Exercise 3:
1) In the first one the main idea is that time and energy are needed when house-training a puppy. While in the second one the emphasis is on how time and energy are often in short supply. I would say that it is good to include how they are in short supply in the parentheses.
2) In the first one implies that taking a corner works for every simple game while the second one specifies that it only works for tic-tac-toe which is a simple game so it is better to include it in the parentheses.
3) The main idea in the first one is that Colas contain the coloring while clear sodas do not. The second one emphasizes that Colas are different from clear sodas. The commas are showing the contrast to the fact that Colas have caramel coloring and they differ from clear sodas.
4) In the first one adding the commas shares more details and description about Leonardo DiCaprio in the commas, while the second one provides little to no detail about who he is.
5) The first one shifts the main focus to the fact that 1789 was a year of political stability as opposed to the second one where the main idea is that it was the beginning of the French Revolution.
Exercise 4:
1) The first sentence is better because it described Loreena McKennitt while providing those details in commas so the sentence and flow are more organized.
2) The second sentence is better because it groups together specific details into one entire comma structure so it is easier to read.
3) The first one is better because it provides sources and credentials for where the information was taken from.
4) The second one is better because it is less confusing to read since it starts with what she is wearing as opposed to speaking about her partner and then what she is wearing.
5) The first one is better because it shares a general subject and within the commas, it goes into something more specific to share more details.
Enumeratio
Exercise 1:
1) Today I went to school, and the library, and as I was heading home I got some food with my friends.
2) My assignments are overwhelming. I have to do my English posts, two papers, and a speech.
3) In order to make brownies you need to follow certain steps: take out the ingredients, mix them all together, bake them and then you can finally eat them.
4) When I get ready for my day I wake up, brush my teeth, put on my clothes, eat breakfast, and then I am ready to leave the house.
5) When I prepare for a test I first get all of my notes together, review them, and then do practice questions.
6) Everyday when I pick my outfit for school I start by picking the pants I want to wear, then the shirt, and in the end, I put on my jewelry.
7) There are so many things to do when you go to New York. You can go to Times Square, Central Park, the MET, and the MoMA.
8) Everytime I pack my clothes for vacation I make sure not to forget my toothbrush, toothpaste, and socks.
9) In order to get to my classes I need to take a bus, two trains, walk up the terrible hill with stairs, and then walk to the building.
10) There are so many genres of music. There is country, pop, rap, and classical just to name a few.
Exercise 2:
1) When I am on summer vacation there are so many things I like to do. I love to go swimming, go to the beach, hang out with my friends, and go on new adventures.
2) In the next 5 to 10 years I see myself graduating from the B.Arch program, applying for my master’s degree, and hopefully in my own apartment through hard work and determination.
3) The war began with a disagreement, then it escalated to a fight, and it finally resulted in war.
4) Rain is formed through the water cycle which includes water evaporating into vapor, condensing to form clouds, and precipitating back to Earth through rain or snow.
5) In order to set up an email account you need to go to your preferred email website, click create an account, and fill out all of your information.
Parenthesis
Exercise 2 –
2. I ran effortlessly to the finish line, getting first place.
3. He drove his car, the red one, to the store.
4. He ran for president, with the notion that he would win, and lost.
5. He broke his leg, his right leg, last week.
6. He got a 100 on his essay, the one he spent all night on.
7. They began dating, ever since the 10th grade, because they loved each other.
8. He lied to her, as he does every time, about where he was.
9. They aimed to rob the bank, the bank on the corner, the next night.
10. The pain she left him with, from rejecting him, broke his heart.
Exercise 3 –
1. The use of the parenthetical here amplifies the idea that energy isn’t always available.
2. The use of the parenthetical here predefines that tic-tac-toe is a simple game and that the strategy to win should also be regarded as so.
3. The use of the parenthetical defines that clear sodas are different from colas as colas have the coloring while they do not.
4. The parenthetical here brings significance to the actor by alluding to some of his works
5. The parenthetical here puts the political instability as the main part of the sentence while justifying the instability by the mention of the year’s association with the French Revolution.
Exercise 4 –
1. The first sentence, because it mentions useful information about McKennitt, but doesn’t focus on it.
2. The second sentence, because it has a good flow due to its use of periods. Also, in the second sentence, the only parenthetical statement is when Fifi is told to be a lap dog. The parenthesis puts a focus on Fifi being a lap dog, which is usually small. Along with the events that happen later in the sentence, there is an unusual that occurs from associating Fifi with a lap dog that held up against intruders.
3. The first sentence, because it puts the description of Edgar Allen Poe to be different from what was told to be believed before. The parenthesis isn’t the main focus of the sentence and it enhances it by referencing a recent scholarship. The main focus of the sentence is the fact that Poe was not an alcoholic or drug addict.
4. The second sentence, the parenthetical statement in the first sentence with the mentioning of the partner does nothing to the sentence. The parenthetical statement in the second sentence is during the description of the gown. The words used for the description of the gown make it look unusual. The parenthetical statement helps the transition to the end of the sentence where it is certain that Moseley will be placed on a worst-dressed list.
5. The first statement, because it puts focus on the comparison between mental illness and diabetes, which becomes a focus for longer, whereas the second statement does not.
Enumeratio
Exercise 1 –
2. Today I went to school, the gym, a restaurant, and then home.
3. You could type it, write it, print it, or do whatever you like.
4. You could play soccer, basketball, baseball, or tennis.
5. I have a grandma, grandpa, mom, dad, and brother.
6. To swim you start by throwing one arm forward, scooping the water towards yourself, doing the same with the other arm, then paddling your feet simultaneously.
7. Our story is that we met in high school, dated, got engaged, then had our wedding.
8. To write up an essay you need to plan it out, search for sources, write up drafts, revise them, and final draft it.
9. To get to school I have to take the N train, the 7 train, the 2 train, then the 1 train.
10. To drive your car you need to get in, stick the key in, start the ignition, and then pedal the gas.
Exercise 2 –
2. During Summer Vacation I like to go swimming, go to the amusement park, go get ice cream, and play sports outside.
3. In the next 5 to 10 years I see myself with a college degree by completing college, a job through a successful interview, being married to a girl I love, and having kids with my wife.
4. What led up to World War 2, was the Treaty of Versailles from Germany’s World War 1 defeat, then the great depressions, then the Nazi takeover by Hitler of a vulnerable Germany, then the invasion of Poland.
5. Bodies of water evaporate, at certain altitudes they condense, then clouds form, then clouds get heavy with water, then the rain falls from the clouds.
6. To make an email account go to the login browser, click sign up, make the email account as you would like it, confirm to finish setting up the account, and then log in to the email account.
Parenthesis
E.x. 1
Over the next week or so, pay attention to the newspapers, magazines, or blogs that you read. Listen closely to people you hear speaking, whether on television, radio, online, or in person. Note any examples of parenthesis usage (the insertion of parenthetical material, not exclusively the use of parentheses) you encounter and list them. Also, decide whether each particular construction was effective or not and explain why. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Parenthesis: Scientists in Peru have been sent to collect samples of an unidentified object, believed to be a meteorite, which fell…
Source: ABC News online
Effective or not: effective
Explanation: The parenthetical “believed to be a meteorite” adds important information. The object is unidentified, but they think it is a meteor.
Parenthesis: “On the other side of the country, in Shanghai, demonstrators held up sheets of blank white paper, turning them into an implicit but powerful sign of defiance.”
Source: NYTimes
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical “in Shanghai” adds important information. It reveals to us the city in which the protests occurred.
Parenthesis: “As the end of the year approaches, investors—and maybe even Musk—should consider how it happened.”
Source: Barrons.com
Effective or not: Ineffective
Explanation: The remark was not very important and didn’t add much to the sentence yet dashes were used, interrupting the flow.
Parenthesis: “In the end, BAB shared that she did not call her manager, as requested, and she ignored any incoming calls from him.”
Source: Buzzfeed.com
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: A brief injection of “as requested” emphasized that BAB was told by management to call them but still refused, showing that she no longer cared about her manager’s opinion.
Parenthesis: “Its governing body, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, was formed in 1945 as part of a postwar global effort to promote cultural understanding and, with that, peace.”
Source: National Geographic
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical “the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization” adds relevant information. It gives us the name of the governing body of the World Heritage program, a central focus of the article.
Parenthesis: “Gervonta Davis and Ryan Garcia, two of the biggest stars in the sport, announced Thursday that they’ll meet next year in Las Vegas.”
Source: ESPN
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical “two of the biggest stars in the sport” adds relevant information. It emphasizes the star power of both fighters, making it clear why a potential boxing match between the two would be so significant.
Parenthesis: “In the BCI world, according to Bloomberg, that’s second only to Neuralink.”
Source: Gizmodo
Effective or not: Not effective
Explanation: The parenthetical “according to Bloomberg” provided us with the source of the claim but it was awkwardly placed in the middle of the sentence, interrupting the flow, when it could have easily been placed elsewhere.
Ex. 2
Exercise 2: Now, write 10 original constructions that employ the use of parenthesis. Make sure you use commas, dashes, and even parentheses marks.
The first one has been done for you as an example. Because it was my birthday, my mother served tater tots—a delicacy usually reserved for company.
2. When cooking pasta, and especially penne, you should avoid boiling it for longer than 6-7 minutes.
3. When Jack climbed Mt Everest‒ something he didn’t tell me about until very recently‒ he slipped and nearly died after leaving the second base camp.
4. Mike Tyson, at one point the highest paid athlete in the world, filed for bankruptcy in 2003.
5. When I woke up on Friday, I was sure that I was going to have a calm, uneventful day‒ I was wrong.
6. In August 15, 2022, just a few short months after the United States withdrew from Afghanistan, the Taliban overran Kabul and took control of the country
7. Tina thinks that her favorite soccer club, Manchester United, is the best club in the league.
8. It took a very long time‒ 751 days to be exact‒ for George to rebuild his home after the fire.
9. While clove can be used in many applications (medicine, fragrance, flavored cigarettes), it is mainly used as a cooking ingredient in asian cuisine.
10. On Wednesday, right in the middle of his finals week, he packed his bags and boarded a flight to cancun.
E.x. 3
Read the following 5 pairs of sentences and explain what value is added to the sentence by the underlined parenthetical element. Be certain to explain the value of the parenthetical material in deeper terms than merely the inclusion of additional information:
Example: Morgan’s relatives, who had come to America on The Mayflower, were among the wealthiest in the state.
OR
Among the wealthiest people in the state were Morgan’s ancestors.
Explanation: The main idea in the first sentence is that Morgan’s relatives had a lot of money. The information about their arrival on The Mayflower is less important, but it is interesting, and is, therefore, parenthetical.
Time and energy are often in short supply, but they are important when housetraining a puppy.
OR
Time and energy, which are often in short supply, are important when housebreaking a puppy. Explanation: The main idea of the sentence is that time and energy are important for housetraining a puppy. The idea that these 2 things are in short supply is not an integral part of what the author is trying to convey but it is still worth mentioning (it emphasizes that housetraining a puppy is not a laid-back process that anybody can easily do) so it is a parenthetical.
The best way to win at a simple game like tic-tac-toe is to start by taking a corner.
OR
The best way to win at tic-tac-toe, a simple game, is to start by taking a corner.
Explanation: The main idea is that taking a corner is the first step to winning a game of tic-tac-toe. The fact that tic-tac-toe is a simple game is not important to the argument so if the writer wanted to include it, it would only really make sense to use it in a parenthetical.
Colas contain caramel coloring, but clear sodas do not.
OR
Colas, unlike clear sodas, contain caramel coloring.
Explanation: Colas contain caramel coloring. This description of cola seems to be the main focus of the sentence, rather than details about clear sodas. To emphasize that the focus is on colas, a parenthetical is used for the comparison to clear sodas.
Leonardo DiCaprio, star of Titanic and The Aviator, is very selective about his roles.
OR
Leonardo DiCaprio is very selective about his roles.
Explanation: The main idea is that DiCaprio is selective about his roles. The parenthetical adds worthwhile information that can help the reader recognize who DiCaprio is while giving examples of his work that he may have been picky about.
The year 1789, often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, was a year of political stability in the new United States.
OR
The year 1789 is often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, but it was a year of political stability in the new United States.
Explanation: The focus is on political stability in the US. The mention of the French Revolution is highlighting that this period of American stability is overshadowed by other developments. To keep the focus on the USA, the information about France is added as a parenthetical.
E.x. 4
Read the following 5 examples of parenthesis and decide which variation is more effective. Then explain why:
Loreena McKennitt, a composer and singer of Celtic music, is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
OR
Loreena McKennitt is a composer and singer of Celtic music. She is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
Which sentence is better?
FIRST
Explanation: The first sentence is concise and straight to the point. The second group of sentences is unnecessarily lengthy.
Fifi, a toy poodle, one raised primarily as a lap dog, held three household intruders, who had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, at bay for five hours until the owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his second wife Edith, came home from the theater, where they had been watching a new musical.
OR
Fifi, a toy poodle raised as a lap dog, held three household intruders at bay for five hours. The intruders had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his wife Edith. Fifi held the intruders until the Seamuses came home from the theater and were able to call the police.
Which sentence is better?
SECOND
Explanation: The first sentence is far too long, with too many details packed into the parenthesis. The second group of sentences breaks apart the ideas much better and each sentence is a reasonable length, making it easier to follow along.
Edgar Allen Poe was, according to the most recent scholarship, not an alcoholic and drug addict.
OR
Edgar Allen Poe was not an alcoholic and drug addict.
Which sentence is better?
FIRST
Explanation: The fact that the most recent scholarship found that Poe wasn’t an addict seems like it’s a relevant detail (perhaps earlier scholarship suggested that he was an addict). The second sentence makes no reference to the aforementioned scholarship.
Aylisha Moseley, accompanied by her partner of many years, Aldous Pierson-Bomcroft, appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. Hers was an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl, which is certain to cement Ms. Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
OR
Aylisha Moseley appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. The gown—an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl—is certain to cement Ms. Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
Which sentence is better?
SECOND
Explanation: Once again, the second paragraph separates and organizes the ideas much more clearly. The sentences in the first paragraph are too lengthy, making it hard to understand.
Mental illness, a physiological condition like diabetes, should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
OR
Mental illness is a physiological condition like diabetes and should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
Which sentence is better?
SECOND
Explanation: The connection to diabetes seems like an important part of the writer’s argument. The first sentence minimizes this connection by putting it in a parenthetical.
Enumeratio
Ex. 1
Write 10 original constructions that employ enumeratio. The first one has been done for you as an example.
This is actually a multi-step process: Think of an example, write it down, turn it in, and get a good grade.
2. I did many things last weekend. I went to Manhattan with my cousin on Thanksgiving, went to dinner at a family friend’s house the next day, and then attended my friend’s birthday party on Saturday.
3. There are 3 main reasons for the increase in prices: the war in Ukraine, the massive amounts of new currency printed by the US government, and the effects of the covid pandemic.
4. He is called by many names: the most merciful, the most kind, the most just, and the list goes on.
5. I went to the mall on Wednesday. I first spent some time shopping for shoes, then I went to the second floor and took an hour to look for a suit, and finally I went to Shake Shack and had a meal.
6. There are numerous languages which are part of the Indo-European language family: Hindi, English, Spanish, Russian, Armenian, and more.
7. You can do a lot of things with a modern mobile phone. You can call people, play games, watch youtube videos, do online shopping, video chat, etc.
8. I’ve lived in Sweden, Finland, Germany, the United Kingdom, Greece, and Latvia.
9. Taking care of a dog isn’t easy. You have to feed it, wash it, walk it, take it to the vet, and give it lots of love.
10. The pizza was amazing. It had the perfect level of cheese, the crust was cooked to perfection, and the sauce was seasoned just right.
E.x. 2
Create a sentence in which you use enumeratio to describe each of the following topics.
The first one has been done for you as an example.
your favorite holiday
The reasons Halloween makes me happy are many, but I certainly enjoy seeing children in their costumes and disguises, I love giving candy and treats to little kids, and sometimes I get a thrill from scaring teenagers when they come begging for sweets.
2. things you like to do during summer vacation
There are so many activities I do during summer break: jet skiing, swimming, parasailing, surfing, and scuba diving.
3. where you see yourself in the next five to ten years and how you got there
Where will I be in 10 years from now? I see myself somewhere in the finance industry, perhaps as a financial analyst for a big-4 firm, or maybe as a personal financial advisor, or perhaps even as the CFO of Citibank. I presume I will be in this position due to the grades I got in school, the internships I had, and the clubs I used to network with other people.
4. the events that led to a well-known war
There were many events that led to the start of WWI: the killing of archduke Franz Ferdinand, the July Crisis, and finally Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia, resulting in Russia’s involvement.
5. the cycle of rain formation
The cycle of rain formation has only a few steps. First, rain falls from the clouds. Then, the rain runs off into rivers, streams and other bodies of water. After that, water evaporates from major bodies of water. And finally, said water condenses into clouds.
6. how to set up an email account
Setting up an email account is really quite simple: choose a username, choose a password, choose a verification method, choose an email site, and input all these details into the registration page.
Parenthesis
Exercise 1:
2.Parenthesis: “I am going to see Joe (the guy we had calc with) later on today”.
Source: My friend mariam speaking to me in person.
Effective or not: Effective.
Explanation: I find this to be effective because she inserted information which was that we had calc with Joe into the main flow of her speaking about what she was doing that day.
3.Parenthesis: “‘Black dog’ is the mood of bottomless, suicidal despair suffered, most notoriously, by Winston Churchill (himself a kind of bulldog in nappies, a logo for Empire; growling and dribbling, wheezing smoke, swollen veins fired with brandy).”
Source: Lights Out for the Territory (By Iain Sinclair)
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: This is effective because it gives readers a unique picture of modern city life in London and its people. He also goes into revealing the underbelly of London by using parenthesis.
4.Parenthesis: “Naturally, Emily suggested that they start with the Pilot, and as they did, the girls were taken aback — not by their dad’s performance — but by how much they hated Steve Carrell’s character.”
Source: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ellendurney/john-krasinski-and-emily-blunt-kids-watched-the-office
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: This can be seen as effective because it dash’s to insert other information. It inserts information about the actors’ daughters not saying anything bad about their father but about the other actor. It is making a point to tell the reader that the daughter is fine with her fathers performance but did not like the other actors’ performance.
5.Parenthesis: “Prince William and Princess Catherine of Wales are in the United States (specifically Boston) for a short visit to attend the 2022 Earthshot Prize Awards ceremony.”
Source: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ellievhall/kate-middleton-rented-dress-gown-earthshot-diana-choker
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: This is effective. By having “specially Boston” in closed it allows readers to know that yes they are in the United States but more specifically they are in Boston, Maryland. This allows readers to see how the site does its research into where they are and what they are doing.
6.Parenthesis: “Beyond the gorgeous (if secretly flawed) tub, it’s the doors that slide open to a little terrace “sitting area” for me. She mentions that she sometimes uses it to teach her children the importance of “taking some time for yourself.”
Source: https://www.buzzfeed.com/rossyoder/ellen-pompeo-beach-house-walkthrough?origin=nofil
Effective or not: Effective.
Explanation: This is effective because it adds in extra information by enclosing it. She is able to speak about how the tub is stunning but at the same time point out that it still might be flawed but yet it is still beautiful.
7.Parenthesis:”My friend’s mom (over 70 years old) owns a small Asian grocery store. Post Malone came walking in with his girlfriend, and his mom had no idea who he was. A few cute things happened.”
Source: https://www.buzzfeed.com/kristatorres/people-who-didnt-know-they-met-a-celeb
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: This is effective becaus eit inserts information about the mother being older which gives reason to why she would not recongize any young famous person walking into the store. It makes it seem cute and makes for an overall nice experience.
Exercise 2:
2. The child’s dog- whose name is Xavi – has a habit of eating too much.
3. It made sense as to why their car (which they paid only 100 dollars for) stopped in the middle of the road.
4. The parents were visibly (and rightfully) emotional after finding out that their child had passed away.
5. The drinks (that she chugged down at the bar without a second thought) hit her only 5 minutes later.
6. When I get restless (happens at 6 Pm) I like to go for a run.
7. The boy she met was something else, just funny, kind, and smart, overall the best person she met.
8. Johnny went to his new, black motorcycle (like a new son).
9. The graffiti (wild animals all over the apartment building) were making the owners upset.
10. She got a 5 on her Ap test, the one she spent months preparing for.
Exercise 3:
1. Time and energy are often in short supply, but they are important when housetraining a puppy.
OR
Time and energy, which are often in short supply, are important when housebreaking a puppy.
Explanation: When you housebreak a puppy, time and energy is very important. The second sentence, unlike the first one, makes it more clear to the reader of this. It is done by having “which are often in short supply” in commas to help make it flow better.
2. The best way to win at a simple game like tic-tac-toe is to start by taking a corner.
OR
The best way to win at tic-tac-toe, a simple game, is to start by taking a corner.
Explanation: The second sentence is better as it has more value in it. By expressing tic-tac-toe as a simple game in commas it gives a better understanding of how to win as it is easy.
3. Colas contain caramel coloring, but clear sodas do not.
OR
Colas, unlike clear sodas, contain caramel coloring.
Explanation: The second sentence here is the better one. It, unlike the first one, is distinctive. It is more easy to understand and allows readers to see that Colas are different from clear sodas.
4. Leonardo DiCaprio, star of Titanic and The Aviator, is very selective about his roles.
OR
Leonardo DiCaprio is very selective about his roles.
Explanation: The first sentence is better than the second sentence. It allows people to make a connection to who the actor is as it was a big role he played by giving context whereas the second one expects you to know.
5.The year 1789, often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, was a year of political stability in the new United States.
OR
The year 1789 is often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, but it was a year of political stability in the new United States.
Explanation: The first one is a better sentence than the second one. This is because by using commas it is able to provide a contrast because the year is associated with a negative and a positive.
Exercise: 4
1. Loreena McKennitt, a composer and singer of Celtic music, is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
OR
Loreena McKennitt is a composer and singer of Celtic music. She is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The first is better because it unlike the second one is able to combine the two sentences. It helps to male the sentence sound less robotic and awkward while at the same time still giving the main idea about Loreena being in DC.
2. Fifi, a toy poodle, one raised primarily as a lap dog, held three household intruders, who had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, at bay for five hours until the owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his second wife Edith, came home from the theater, where they had been watching a new musical.
OR
Fifi, a toy poodle raised as a lap dog, held three household intruders at bay for five hours. The intruders had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his wife Edith. Fifield the intruders until the Seamuses came home from the theater and were able to call the police.
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The second sentence is better as it flows better. The first sentence is basically one big run off. It is poorly put together and does not get the point across. The second one is not confusing and does get the main idea of the sentence across.
3. Edgar Allen Poe was, according to the most recent scholarship, not an alcoholic and drug addict.
OR
Edgar Allen Poe was not an alcoholic and drug addict.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The second sentence is not the best choice. The first one is because it includes commas in appropriate places that allow it to add information that is not completely about the main idea. The first one also just sounds better and flows better.
4. Aylisha Moseley, accompanied by her partner of many years, Aldous Pierson-Bomcroft, appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. Hers was an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl, which is certain to cement Miss. Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
OR
Aylisha Moseley appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. The gown—an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl—is certain to cement Miss. Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The clear best sentence here is the second. This is due to the fact that it unlike the first has commas and details relating to the point of the sentence in the appropriate and best spots. It is better flowing.
5.Mental illness, a physiological condition like diabetes, should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
OR
Mental illness is a physiological condition like diabetes and should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The first sentence is a better choice than the second sentence. This is because it makes the main idea clear. It also gives a pause to help this idea and make it clear that is talking about mental illnesses in general and not something specifically.
Enumeratio:
Exercise 1:
2. Science is easy except for the graphs, papers, and memorization.
3. Halloween is her favorite holiday for many reasons: she gets tons of candy, gets to dress up as her favorite princess, and does it all with her friends.
4. Christmas is his least favorite holiday for many reasons: it is on his birthday, he feels he gets less than other kids, and he feels a lot of people forget about his birthday.
5. She fell in love with his brown eyes, his 6 foot height, and his great personality.
6. People say most I.T problems rely on this simple process: first locate the main wire, unplug it, and then plug it back in again.
7. To solve a typical math problem you must first identify all the numbers, then list them and their variables and lastly, find the variable being asked that is missing.
8. Having a fish is still a responsibility, you must feed the fish, clean the tank, and check the tanks levels.
9. In order to make it in most theater productions you must be a triple threat, you have to be able to act, dance and sing.
10. I have traveled to England, America, France, and even Mexico.
Exercise 2:
2. things you like to do during summer vacation
During my summer vacation I like to hang out with my friends, swim in the pool, go to water parks, and travel.
3. where you see yourself in the next five to ten years and how you got there
With enough dedication in my college years, I see myself as a biomedical engineer, at a research facility, and being able to look into tissue engineering.
4. the events that led to a well-known war
Between alliances, nationalism, assassinations, it would have been impossible for world war one not to start.
5. the cycle of rain formation
The cycle of rain formation is very simple. It starts off with rain falling from the clouds, then the rain running into rivers and other bodies of water, and finally evaporating and condensing into clouds and then repeating.
6. how to set up an email account
To set up an email account is simple. You start with choosing an email site, then setting up a username, password, and verification method, and then you’re all done.
Analogy
2. “Time is cash, so spend it admirably” This analogy is utilized when related with various publicists that spin around getting individuals to accomplish something that will make them pay. Concentrating on unambiguous things will either assist with developing your cash or decline it and this analogy shows that idea.
3. “She is hard of seeing”. This analogy looks at the individual’s visual perception to a bat’s vision. It is successful while looking at the strength of her vision. Since bats can barely see and just have better vision around evening time, this analogy comprehends that she has terrible vision.
4. “Coronavirus is more far and wide than a wave”, this was utilized in a general wellbeing article that stressed the significant development of Coronavirus, which is the reason it fans out speedier quickly than a sea wave that will in general some of the time go sluggish or quick. It makes the Coronavirus sound more extreme.
5. “No grain is a difficult one to figure out for us”. This commercial is utilized in the maniple clinic as a method for contrasting the mind with a nut. Albeit nuts are challenging to open, this clinic looks at that cognizance to a mind since cerebrums can be difficult to separate and tackle. In any case, in this clinic, they have superb specialists that no cerebrum is difficult for them to deal with.
Exercise 2:
1. Going to the rec center resembles doing schoolwork, it’s a great deal of work.
2. Connections feel like a labyrinth, it’s incredibly muddled and can be ceaseless.
3. Eating popeyes, once in a while feels like I am eating a serving of mixed greens it isn’t the most ideal decision all of the time.
4. A cow is to a well evolved creature as a snake is to a reptile.
5. Each time I go with my sister she begins to live in her air pocket.
6. His eyes illuminated extremely hard that they seemed to be a beam of daylight.
7. My nephew acts well as gold.
8. At the point when I lifted my canine, he was essentially as light as a quill.
9. Watching the note pad was a rollercoaster of feelings
Exercise 3:
1. Driving a games group and driving a large company are both genuinely troublesome things to oversee the two winds up worrying you when no one tunes in.
2. Little youngsters are the power of nature without them there would be no earth.
3. Both old bits of innovation and dinosaurs are collectibles its extremely difficult to come by.
4. The planets sparkle like gemstones.
5. There should be a brilliant psyche and insight to make a wonderful nursery.
Exercise 4:
2. “The coat was tight to such an extent that it restricted the development of her arms. At the point when she attempted to get it off, she seemed to be
A. an ocean turtle skimming through the sea; this wouldn’t work on the grounds that the young lady is struggling while at the same time coasting would be viewed as something delightful and effortless.
B. a tyrannosaurus rex attempting to get something, this would fit on the grounds that generally t rex battle with their arms same as the young lady is.
C. an irate protestor waving a sign, wouldn’t connect with the analogy since it has no correlation with battling with less development of your arms rather it simply communicates outrage.
D. duck fluttering its wings, this would squeeze into the analogy since she is presumably battling to get into her coat so there is a great deal of development with her arms going this way and that like a duck.
3. Creatures have sentiments, so killing creatures only for their fur
A. resembles killing a deer just for its tusks: it’s contrasting that creatures are just utilized for something unambiguous to fulfill others.
B. is ethically off-base and ought to be unlawful: not compelling on the grounds that it isn’t including a correlation however rather expresses the negative parts of killing creatures
C. resembles disposing of rainforest to make paper: has a reasonable thought of the issue that is being given in light of the fact that the two worries spin around penances people make to accommodate our necessities.
D. is similarly just about as deplorable as the tests the Nazis performed on casualties in death camps”: should be visible as powerful on the grounds that both are superfluous activities that have been done mercilessly however for explicit reasons.
4. “The board’s refusal to acknowledge the association’s concession ________________.
A. came as a shock: not an analogy and doesn’t make sense of the sentence
B. made me consider a ruined kid offending a costly gift he’d recently opened: it connects with the administration’s refusal outlining the way that they act and how they can carry on like youngsters on occasion.
C. caused it to appear as though they needed to delay the strike”: this doesn’t connect with the feeling of the board, it very well may be appealing for laborers yet not for the administration.
D. was precisely exact thing occurred in the medical caretakers’ strike the year before: this one could feel successful on the grounds that it associates past occasions to the current anyway it isn’t the most ideal fit for the sentence.
5. “I investigated the antiquated gold miner and saw that the kinks all over
A. are basically as characterized and profound as the edges of the Terrific Gorge: this is a compelling analogy since it is engaging of the kinks of his face to edges, and it likewise gives a reasonable view.
B. overflow like a cascade isn’t as viable in light of the fact that it sounds more like a metaphor as opposed to a correlation and isn’t going top to bottom about the actual highlights
C. recount the narrative of his difficulties: which can be successful as it is contrasting the story with the kinks all over, making an association that it recounts an account of his portrayal of advanced age.
D. make me consider a pack of old organic product”: this analogy ruins that the expression is expressing and not building a connection to the uplifting outlook being given of the kinks.
6.”These glasses, which I never needed to wear in any case
A. make me stand apart a lot in school, and I won’t wear them sounds more like a continuation of a sentence in the feeling of making sense of as opposed to contrasting.
B. are so great at distances that maybe I’m wearing optics: powerful analogy since it is contrasting the distance with optics, it obliges each other particularly while contrasting with glasses.
C. essentially doesn’t help, likely in light of the fact that the remedy is off-base: there is no analogy inside this sentence, it is simply referencing the cons of the glasses
D. are presently as crucial for my life as a close buddy: this analogy is compelling on the grounds that it is putting serious areas of strength for an on glasses as it is contrasting glasses with companions
Allusion
Exercise 1:
2. Clarification: The book of occupations delineates an unwavering man prepared to acknowledge every one of the troublesome demands god has given anyway eventually there is consistently an explanation.
Sentence: Regardless of all that he goes through at home, he resembles a task he is faithful to his mom.
3. Clarifications: Delilah exploited Sampson and utilized him to acquire retribution.
Sentence: He was so fixated on having Delilah, in spite of having been recounted the way that he enjoyed taken benefit of others previously.
4. Clarification: Pandora is an individual that was coordinated to not open a container anyway she wound up doing the direct inverse and delivering all that she was cautioned about in view of her interest.
Sentence: Small children are like pandora, they never tune in spite of you letting them know every one of the outcomes that can happen when they don’t tune in.
5. Clarification: Prophet of Delphi is an individual who made forecasts and would respond to questions in light of the god Apollo.
Sentence: My mom resembles prophet Delphi since she realized I planned to go out toward the end of the week for a party.
6. Clarifications: Map book was the head of the Titans, who was condemned to convey paradise and earth.
Sentence: Football players resemble a chart book; they can convey an exceptionally significant burden on their shoulders.
7. Clarification: Bill entryways is a software engineer that helped to establish Microsoft and made huge riches.
Sentence: When I helped construct my cousin’s PC, I felt like I was bill doors.
8. Homer Simpson
Clarifications: Homer is a person in a show called the Simpsons, where he is one of the fundamental characters. He is typically exceptionally darebrained and behaves like he has no synapses.
Sentence: When I’m confused my companions think I carry on like Homer Simpson.
9. Clarification: Muhammad Ali was an expert fighter that was a notorious figure in boxing.
Sentence: Subsequent to watching rough I began to feel like I was Muhammad Ali each time I played and battled my cousins.
Exercise 2:
1. You needn’t bother with to be Albert Einstein to get into school.
2. Each time I begin feeling a piece insane, I begin to expect that I really want a Twix.
3. In class, I’m continuously paying attention to the lord.
4. My English educator is she who should not be named.
5. Each opportunity I come to school, and I see my crush I notice he is hot as Abbadon.
6. Going through my beau’s telephone feels like I will go mess everything up.
Exercise 3:
2.
Allusion: She grins like a Cheshire feline
Source: Alice in the wonderland
Impact: Underlines that there is a major grin all over
Importance: it gives that she is generally cheerful
3.
Allusion: It resembled she got a brilliant ticket
Source: Charlie and the chocolate production line
Impact: it is portraying something startling that can bloom into something more prominent
Importance: show the significance and uncommonness of this second
4.
Allusion: I wish I could simply click my heels
Source: wizard of oz
Impact: needing to tap the heels on the grounds that each time it clicks, they can vanish
Importance: it displays the feelings being communicated of needing to move far away from the ongoing circumstance.
Exercise 4:
1. Strolling into school and seeing my crush causes me to feel like I was struck by Cupid.
2. Ladies are like Pocahontas at times they simply need to investigate the world and be allowed to do anything without stress.
3. He gave such a strong discourse, it seemed like he was martin Luther lord jr when he communicated his sentiments on his point.
4. Each time I get up in the first part of the day, I feel like I am miser.
5. I feel like Mother Teresa when I return to my old fashioned to assist with directing the youngsters.
1. She is coming to our house after work, around six o’ clock, meet with my grandfather.
2. New York, which is five hours from Canada, has rising home prices.
3. I read that novel The Great Gatsby, in high school
4. I work very hard from the beginning of the semester till the middle, right before midterms.
5. He was born in 1979, the year of the middle.
1. I have seven siblings and three half siblings – who go to seven colleges and have a variety of creatures that enjoy eating a lot, including dogs, cats, monkeys, birds, rabbits, hamsters, and snakes so mainly treats and candies.
2. Jimme lied to his mother about how much he received for final, like he always does.
3. It’s finally here, the parcel is here, my sister exclaimed.
4. The professor made a joke about how astonished he was to see Alan and Amy at the class.
5. The boy ran for his school in his final exam, which he would pass or fail.
Enumeration
1. Except for the graphs, equations, and geometry, math is simple.
2. I bought cinnamon, baking soda, flour, sugar, salt, and pepper at the store.
3. If he begins with a deep sigh, a waiter’s long list of all the salad dressings on offer can come out as a touch unfriendly.
4. I’ve traveled to Bangladesh as well as London, Paris, and the United States.
5. We brought some clothes, shoes, flowers, food, and candles for the celebration.
1. Drop your bucket among these laborers who, without strikes or labor battles, cleared your forests, built your railroads, built your towns, dredged up treasures from the depths of the earth, and made it possible for this wonderful illustration of the South’s development.
2. Thanksgiving is my favorite holiday for several reasons, including the fact that it falls on my sibling’s birthday, makes him feel unique, gives him fewer blessings than other children, and makes him feel like many people overlook his birthday.
3. We can hasten the day when all of God’s children, black and white, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the traditional black spiritual, Free at last! Free at last!
4. If America started the war to make the globe safe for democracy, then she first needs to make democracy secure in America, according to our argument.
5. When domestic democracy is routinely violated, free speech is repressed, peaceful protests are dispersed by obnoxious and aggressive criminals in uniform, and every independent viewpoint is silenced, how else is the world to take America seriously?
Parathesis
Exercise 1:
2:
Parenthesis: Problem 1 will ask you to look at the Spitzer School of Architecture building with radical empathy and a keen eye for how it explicitly or implicitly favors the non disabled – and then to intervene – using design to redress the bias.
Source: First year Architecture Syllabus
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: It was important for the sentence to contain information about intervening because that is one of the goals we worked towards for the project.
3:
Parenthesis: Alternatively, students may identify instances where the building is already accessible and inclusionary, even if unintended as such.
Source: First year Architecture Syllabus
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: I don’t think the additional information was really necessary but I believe it’s still effective because it encourages the reader to consider aspects they might not have thought to utilize.
4:
Parenthesis: Inspired by the work of Chat Travieso – but also John Hejduk and other architects and artists who have defined entire projects through rigorous sketches alone, students will create … [list of final deliverables].
Source: First year Architecture Syllabus
Effective or not: Not effective
Explanation: Since the syllabus only references Chat Travieso’s works, the information about other artists with similar works is not as important. The removal of that information would not impact the sentence in a negative way.
5:
Parenthesis: I suggest you “rent” the textbook, as it is much more affordable.
Source: Political Science Syllabus
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The information about affordability is useful to the reader in that it (1) provides a reason to justify the first statement and (2) is for the benefit of students.
6:
Paranthesis: All major assignments (excluding online quizzes) must be completed
Source: Political Science Syllabus
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The information in the parentheses allows the reader to easily differentiate between assignments that must be submitted and assignments that are more flexible.
7:
Parenthesis: Copying other’s work and passing it off as your own (the definition of plagiarism) will not be tolerated.
Source: Political Science Syllabus
Effective or not: Could be either
Explanation: It’s not effective because it’s redundant. Most students already know the definition of plagiarism. However, there could be an argument for its effectiveness because it’s a writing choice to tell students not to plagiarize and then follow with the source that backs up that statement.
Exercise 2:
2: I use my bookmark, though it is too short to be practical, every time I read a new novel.
3: I like gingerbread—disgusting as they are—because they can be used to make gingerbread houses.
4: The soup, that my mom recently took off the stove, burned the roof of my mouth.
5: My mom, who started working when she was 15, is one of the most hardworking person I know.
6: I like the green pants, made of sleek velvet, more than the other pair.
7: This lotion, that I apply 3 times a day, leaves my skin so soft and smooth.
8: She was sad that her embroidered pillowcase, a gift for her birthday, got torn up by the dog.
9: The strawberry-kiwi smoothie, much beloved by customers, was so watery that I couldn’t finish the drink.
10: My brother dislikes fps games, short for first person shooter, though they were among the first games he ever played.
Exercise 3:
1:
Explanation: The main idea is advice for housebreaking puppies so that information shouldn’t be parenthesized. It is more important than the fact that time and energy is in short supply.
2:
Explanation: Parenthesizing “a simple game” does not affect the content of the sentence. That piece of information is less important than the game advice.
3:
Explanation: The focus of the sentence is about how colas contain caramel coloring. Though the contrast with clear sodas is interesting, it does not further the main point of the sentence so it can be parenthesized.
4:
Explanation: By adding the information about the roles Leonardo DiCaprio has been in, it establishes a good reason for why he is very selective about his roles.
5:
Explanation: The portion about the US is more important than the fact about the French Revolution as it is the piece of information that the sentence wants to highlight. The portion about the French Revolution is interesting and adds some contrast in regards to political stability, but it is not as important.
Exercise 4:
1:
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The second sentence’s parenthesis is not very effective because the information about time is very important. It should not have been parenthesized. Th first sentence is more effective because, though it is interesting to know that Loreena is a composer and singer of Celtic music, that information is not important to understanding the idea of the sentence.
2:
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The second sentence is broken down in multiple sentences that allows for a better reading experience. Consequently, that means it doesn’t overuse parentheses just for the sake of using it. The additional information about the fact that Fifi is “a toy poodle raised as a lap dog” or about her owners are good pieces of information to parenthesize.
3:
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The first sentence provides context, grounded in academia, for the main idea of the sentence while the second one does not.
4:
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The main idea was about how bad the dress was. The second sentence does a better job at using dashes to break up the text and make the reader focus their attention on that specific piece of information.
5:
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The second sentence doesn’t use use parenthesis and it has a significant effect. The second sentence is much harder to read than the first one, in that it’s a bit too long to go without breaks in the flow. The first sentence does a good job at identifying which piece of information is least important and parenthesizing it.
Enumeratio
Exercise 1:
2: I question why tourists always take the Staten Island Ferry since: (1) the view is not good enough to look at for an hour; (2) if you want to see the Statue of Liberty, there is a ferry that takes you to it; and (3) the majority of the ferries are not the best looking.
3: I write by starting with an introduction, then my body paragraphs, my conclusion and I finish by revisiting my introduction.
4: Every morning after I wake up I drink a sip of water, get out of bed, go to the bathroom, brush my teeth, wash my face, and end off by coming back to my room and making the bed.
5: My go-to-meals are rice with spam and a fried egg, ramen with an egg, of any variation, and toasted bread with butter on top.
6: I have a rather long commute: I walk to the bus stop to take the bus, then get on the ferry, next I take the subway to 137, and finally walk up the hill to class.
7: There are many ways to prepare coffee, but the only ones I have tried are mochas, lattes and macchiatos.
8: I have various late assignments piled up: 2 papers and multiple reading reports for a seminar class, 2 architecture portfolios, and multiple English papers.
9: She tried on the red dress, then the blue, green, purple, and pink ones, before finally settling on the green dress.
10: When I take the bus, I always notice the post office, rows of apartment buildings, and the gas stops.
Exercise 2:
2: things you like to do during summer vacation
Summer is my time to indulge in hobbies that I ignore throughout the school year, some of which are: knitting, crocheting, and playing video games in the comfort of a nicely air conditioned home.
3: where you see yourself in the next five to ten years and how you got there
Though the workload of architecture is quite draining, I hope that it pays off. I wish to do well in the next 9 semesters, get a well-paid internship at a reputable firm, make meaningful connections, and achieve a stable job in NYC.
4: the events that led to a well-known war
The main issues that led up to the Civil War can be summarized to 3 points: (1) There was a fundamental difference between the beliefs of the North vs the South over the question of slavery; (2) Neither side wanted to compromise so the issue had been continuously pushed off, allowing tensions to build; and the tipping point (3) the election of Abraham Lincoln.
5: the cycle of rain formation
Rain forms when (1) water is turned into water vapor; (2) water vapor cools and turns into tiny droplets that gather into clouds; (3) water droplets bump into another and grow; (4) the droplets get too big and fall down as rain; (5) the cycle is then repeated.
6: how to set up an email account
Though setting up an email account seems intuitive for the younger generation, there are still many people that need help. Specifically for google, you would click on the top right corner, click on create account, input all your information, create a username, create a password, input additional information and your account will have been created!
Paranthesis:
1. -One important factor underlying this concern is that Iran’s enrichment process is being conducted at the Fordow nuclear plant, a concealed enrichment facility some 20 miles (32 km) northeast of the city of Qom, which lies northwest of the center of the country (Nuclear Power in Iran, 2022).
-Sno Qap
-Effective
-It lets the reader know what the Furdow nuclear plant is, along with more factual information.
2. -After his team’s triumph in the World Cup final, Argentina legend Lionel Messi was awarded the Golden Ball, the prize given to the best player in the tournament.
-CNN
-Effective
-Lets the reader know what the significance of the Golden Ball is.
3.-“It’s sleepless nights. It’s feeling sick to your stomach. It’s just being left in the dark,” Kristi Goncalves, the mother of 21-year-old victim Kaylee Goncalves, said in an interview aired on NBC’s TODAY show Thursday.
-CNN
-Effective
– Let the reader know the age of the victim and the relation.
4. -Heart pounding, I sit bolt upright in bed, flushed, sweaty and utterly panicked. My brain has snatched me from a nightmare — a dream so alarming I wake up.
-CNN
-Not effective
-The sentence can still be said without the use of commas. The use of parenthesis here makes the sentence choppy.
5. -Africa, on the border with Peru, is built on the sandy dunes of the Atacama desert, the driest desert in the world.
-BBC
-Not effective
-This information in between is unnecessary to the story/sentence. The reader can still understand the idea without the unnecessary fact.
6.-The Fabelmans, which has already picked up nominations at the 2023 Golden Globes and Critics Choice Awards, stars Paul Dano and Michelle Williams.
-BBC
-Effective
– The fact adds significance to the film and is put in a spot in the sentence that will catch the reader’s attention.
Exercise 2:
1. Norma Jeane Mortenson, or Marylin Monroe, was a famous actress.
2. Lionel Messi, a professional soccer player, wins the Golden Ball today.
3. Omurice, created in Japan, is a sensational dish.
4. The four seasons- winter, summer, and spring- are not seen worldwide.
5. My mom asked me to do the dishes- I was doing them as she asked me!
6. My boyfriend forgot our anniversary- I hinted at it three times!
7. I introduced Mary (my wife) to everyone.
8. There was a man (28) who stole an old woman’s purse.
9. They are three miles (15840 ft) away from each other.
1. The main idea is that time and money are needed when housebreaking a puppy but the additional information that it is in short supply shows the details of the situation.
2. The main point of the sentence is to show how to win tick-tack toe but the “simple game” is less relevant information that sets up context.
3. Colas contain a caramel coloring but the addition of its counterpart, clear sodas, emphasizes the difference between the two.
4. The sentence is about DiCaprio’s selectiveness with roles but the information in between in interesting to have and emphasizes his importance as an actor.
5. The sentence is about the stability of the US which is ironic as the parenthesis is used to describe a chaotic time in French history happening in the same year.
Exercise 4:
1. First- The audience is given the information of her significance while it is still relevant.
2. Second- The commas are used in smooth-flowing spots without confusing the reader by jumping from event to event.
3. First- Shows where the claim is coming from and makes the sentence seem less factual and more like a claim, which it is.
4. Second- describes the gown when it is relevant instead of interrupting the sentence with information and throwing the reader off track.
5. First- Says all the information efficiently in a sentence and adds context to mental illness when it is relevant, swaying the audience’s opinion about mental illness before the sentence continues.
Enumeratio:
Exercise 1:
2. There are many colors in the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple.
3. There are three main stores my mom likes to go to: TJ Maxx, Target, and Marshalls
4. We can visit grandma, grandpa, or your aunt.
5. I like chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry
6. I came, I saw, I conquered.
7. Lizz, Jerry, and Lisa are my best friends.
8. Every night I brush my teeth, wash my face, and floss.
9. To do a flip you need to run, jump, flip, and land.
Exercise 2:
1. During summer vacation I like to travel, visit the beach, and play volleyball.
2. In the next 10 years I will be 28 and I will have eaten a lot, learned a lot, and grown as a person.
3. Militarism, imperialism, and alliances caused WWI.
4. In order for it to rain, there must first be evaporation, condensation, and lastly, precipitation.
5. To set up an email account you must first enter a preferred email address, then make your password, then confirm it.
1. –
2. Parenthesis: “Almost two years later, the notion that the Proud Boys wanted to provoke violence among the “normies” — or the normal people — in the crowd that day…”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: effective
Explanation: Some may not be able to tell what the phrase “normies” means in this context, so the writer clearly defines it as an aside.
3. Parenthesis: “The Proud Boys trial is opening in Federal District Court in Washington less than a month after Stewart Rhodes, the leader of another far-right group, the Oath Keepers militia,…”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: Yes
Explanation: With two instances of parenthesis, the writer explains both who Stewart Rhodes is as well as names the other far-right group as the Oath Keepers.
4. Parenthesis: “They will offer the jury a detailed account of how the five defendants — including Enrique Tarrio, the group’s former chairman — …”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: Yes
Explanation: By specifically mentioning that the group of defendants includes Enrique Tarrio and explaining who that is, another aspect of the importance of the proceedings is established.
5. Parenthesis: “…when Covid cases were largely being caused by the BA.5 Omicron variant — the target, in part, of the reformulated shots.”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: Yes
Explanation: The writer explains why it is relevant to include the nameo f that specific variant.
6. Parenthesis: “Historians, who have long lobbied for the reversal of the clearance revocation, praised the vacating order as a milestone.”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: Yes
Explanation: The writer contextualizes the situation and justifies why historians might feel this way.
7. Parenthesis: “Alex Wellerstein, a historian of science at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, N.J., called the reversal long overdue.”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: Yes
Explanation: Without the introduction, we would likely not have any idea who this Alex Wellerstein is.
Exercise 2
1. –
2. I – who has never done anything wrong in my life before now — should be granted a free pass.
3. The band, who had faced tough times the last few years, was ready for a big break.
4. When we approached the waiter, a man with a mean look plastered onto his face, he was not very accommodating.
5. Our family (whose members aren’t exactly the best at communicating with each other) failed to decide on a place to eat, so we all showed up at different places.
6. We didn’t want to hear from him – or any of them, for that matter – that we were wrong and they were right.
7. The other team – who had gone 12 consecutive games without a single goal – was defeated once more.
8. When I ask you to do something – and I mean anything – you do it.
9. Until you’ve tried that roller coaster – as I have – you’ll never know the thrilling feeling.
10. When I’m hungry my go-to dish is an Italian specialty called mac and cheese – a small, tube-shaped pasta with creamy cheese sauce garnished with herbs and spices to taste.
Exercise 3
1. The parenthetical option simply acknowledges that time nd energy are in short supply as opposed to starting the statement with that obvious information.
2. The first option doesn’t really make sense since not all simple games work the same way as tic-tac-toe with “corners.”
3. The option with the parenthesis highlights that the main point of the sentence is to discuss colas and their caramel coloring as opposed to compare clear sodas and colas.
4. By mentioning the famous movies he has been in, the option with the parenthesis gives proof as to how selective DiCaprio is with his roles.
5. The main idea of the sentence is to discuss political stability in the U.S. in contrast with France. The second option gives them each equal weight, while the one with the parenthesis accurately highlights the United States.
Exercise 4
1. The first option is more effective because it flows better; two separate sentences are not needed to explain both who McKennitt is and mentioning where and when she will be appearing.
2. The second option is much more effective since it is actually legible; the first option is essentially a run-on sentence, so it is important to insert pauses in the form of periods.
3. The first option is better since it attributes its claim to a reliable source.
4. The second option is more effective since it makes use of periods and dashes to clearly separate parts of the sentence.
5. The second option is more effective since it comes across more like the assertion it is.
Enumeratio
Exercise 1
1. –
2. I would make a great candidate because of my years of experience, my instinct for customer service, my willingness to help others, and my startingly long legs.
3. First, I went to the hotel to change, then went to the beach, after which I took a shower back at the hotel, took a nap, woke up, and went back to the beach.
4. You are grounded, which means no TV, no phone, no candy, and no contact with the outside world.
5. Next semester, I’m taking philosophy, psychology, calculus, art, and English.
6. There are a lot of reasons to reject the plan, but mostly it’s because it’s not affordable, it’s not feasible, it won’t attract customers, and it’s illegal.
7. When you set up a guitar there are many steps involved, from checking and adjusting the neck relief, to measuring action, to adjusting the string height to match the fretboard radius, all the way to filing the fretboard ends.
8. Some neat rhetorical devices include parallelism, hypophora, parenthesis, and enumeratio.
9. I don’t want to work with you because you’re lazy, you cause trouble, you steal money from the cash register, and you scare people away, myself included.
10. You gotta crack the egg, throw it in the pan, scramble, wait until it’s cooked, then put it on a plate.
Exercise 2
1.
2. During my summer vacation, I like to go to the beach, play tennis, ride my bike, go to the lake, and hike.
3. In five to ten years, I’ll be married with three kids, have a stable job, and an adequately sized house.
4. Before that one big war, people from religious group A attacked people from religious group B, so they retaliated, until more people from religious group A attacked even more people from religious group B, at which point war was declared by a bystander who felt it was about time to make it official.
5. Water evaporates into the atmosphere, which then condenses in the formation of clouds, which then precipitate to cause rain to fall.
6. First, you go to gmail.com, click on ‘create an account,’ enter the relevant information, click done, and that’s it; you have an email address (yay).
Parenthesis
2. During DNA duplication in the S phase, each chromosome is replicated to produce two identical
copies—sister chromatids that are held together at the centromere by cohesin proteins, which hold the chromatids together until anaphase II.
Source: Biology Textbook
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: It makes it clearer which are the two identical copies and which proteins hold them together
3 Parenthesis: Her father, Jan Willemsz, owned a brewery called the “Leyster” (lodestar), from which the family took its surname.
Source: National Gallery of Art
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: It introduced the name of the father making the reader more familiar with the story
4 Parenthesis: His academic abilities were recognized by the local priest, who persuaded his parents to send him away to school at the age of 11.
Source: Britannica
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: Gives important information that reveal more about the childhood of Gregor Mendel
5 Parenthesis: As you age, it’s important to protect your bones, joints, and muscles – they support your body and help you move.
Source: CDC
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: gives important info as to why you should protect your muscles and bones
6 Parenthesis: Consider purchasing vitamin C products from your dermatologist’s office or a verified online retailer, with a clinical formulation that contains an active form of vitamin C (for instance, L-ascorbic acid), has a strength of 10% to 20%, and a pH lower than 3.5, as this combination has been studied in clinical trials.
Source: Harvard Health Publishing
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: gives an example of the formulation which aids people to look for a specific one
7 Parenthesis: Light therapy requires a light box that emits 10,000 lux (a measure of light intensity).
Source: Harvard Health Publishing
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: It explains what lux is which is a relevant information
Exercise 2
2. Maryam , who is Sarah’s sister, had expressed she was upset with me.
3. Instead of campaigning for all states, they can only focus on a few (battleground) states, and reduce the costs of electoral campaigning.
4. Unfortunately, I cannot help you with this problem.
5. Anna is, in my opinion, worthy of the title.
6. You have improved, needless to say.
7. Of course, it is not just a duty, it is a responsibility
8. The secret History, I think, was announced as a New York’s best seller.
9. She’s only a kid, after all.
10. Well, things have gotten awkward.
Exercise 3
1. When the expression “which are often in short supply” is parenthetical it does not take away from the main point but it adds a comedic effect instead.
2. When used as a parenthesis it does not seem as undermining towards the difficulty of the game.
3. The contrast is made right away in less words than when it is not a parenthesis.
4. Makes it clear who the actor is for people who may not know him
5. When used as a parenthesis it implies that the knowledge is already there and so there is no need for shifting the attention to what is the year known for
Exercise 4.
1. FIRST it introduces the singer in a subtle way and there is no need to be have extra sentences.
2. SECOND – the first one is too confusing and difficult to read due to the way in which it is constructed
3. FIRST- adds credibility when it is mentioning a reliable source
4. SECOND- uses dashes properly to make sure the attention of the reader is not shifted to another idea.
5. SECOND- the first makes it seem as if it is listing diseases
—————————————————————————-
Enumeratio
Exercise 1
2. The only way to loose weight: Get into a calorie deficit, Eat healthy and a balanced macro diet, and go to the gym.
3. Schools should stop crushing a student’s creativity, determination and ambitions.
4. The year is coming to end but it has been a year of hope, happiness and events, so I am very grateful.
5. There are many reasons as to why this happened: first lack of resources; second location; and third a misuse of technology
6. He began with the soup, then he cooked a steak and finally he baked a dessert
7. There are three simple steps to follow: step down, calm yourself, and think it over.
8. I will explain the right way of making cereal: first pour the cereal in a bowl; second pour milk in the bowl; third enjoy and refill accordingly
9. There are many ways you can exhibit your skills, with museums, social media or social gatherings.
10. The night skin care routine involves a two base cleanse, then scrubbing, vitamin c application, a face mask and lastly a moisturizer.
Exercise 2
there are many things I like doing during summer vacation, I certainly love going to the beach, I love hanging out with friends and getting ice cream.
In the next ten years I see myself finishing med school through my resilience, hard work and determination.
Reason why this war happened were not weak, the government had too much control, the people were constantly facing oppression and the brutality of the crimes was horrible.
The cycle of rain formation begins with evaporation then condensation and finally precipitation
Setting up an email account involves a few easy steps: begin with adding your name, age phone number and lastly a strong password
Email us at [email protected] so we can respond to your questions and requests. Please email from your CUNY email address if possible. Or visit our help site for more information:
Parenthesis
Exercise 1
2. Parenthesis: “They have been launched at random hours and from various locations – including trains and an underwater silo – to make them harder to intercept.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/world/asia/north-korea-missile-tests.html
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement “including trains and underwater silo” emphasize the various locations where missiles are launched from. This makes it seem as if the locations are random, which further supports the claim that missiles launched by North Korea are harder to intercept.
3. Parenthesis: “In the rose-metallic vision of libertarians like Peter Thiel – who of course, founded PayPal – operating in a cash-free world is easier and more convenient than handing grubby lucre.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/opinion/cashless-pay-problem.html
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement, “who of course, founded PayPal,” elaborates on Peter Thiel. Without the parenthesis, those who do not know who Peter Thiel is will probably glance over the name or take the time to search up who he is. With the parenthesis, the reader knows who he is.
4. Parenthesis: “The planes – a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and a Bell P-63 Kingcobra – crashed at about 1:20 p.m. local time, the Federal Aviation Administration said.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/12/us/plane-crash-dallas.html
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement between the dashes offers additional information; it clarifies the type of airplanes that were involved in the crash. The reason why this statement is effective is that the statement serves as an interesting fact that does not take away from the main idea of the sentence.
5. Parenthesis: The gloomy octopus – its real name – is in the small club of animals that toss things at other members of their own species.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/science/octopus-throwing-silt.html
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement is “its real name.” This statement simply doubles down on the absurd fact that another alias of the specific type of octopus is the “gloomy octopus.” This serves to incline the reader to question further why the octopus has that name.
6. Parenthesis: “Mice, it turns out, can’t puke – a little foible that typically makes it difficult to use them to study nausea.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/01/science/brains-neurons-vomit.html
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement “it turns out,” serves to surprise the reader with the fact that mice cannot puke. One would expect mice to have the capability to regurgitate, so this comes as a surprise, and it helps segue into the next part of the sentence.
7. Parenthesis: “A study by French researchers that was published last month in the journal Animal Cognition found that not only do cats react to what scientists call cat-directed speech — a high-pitched voice similar to how we talk to babies — they react to who is doing the talking.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/12/science/cat-talking-owners-voice-dog.html?action=click&module=Well&pgtype=Homepage§ion=Science
Effective or Not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical statement “ a high-pitched voice similar to how we talk to babies” is an explanatory phrase that provides an example of “cat-directed speech.” Though it may have been better to replace the entire statement with “pspspspspspspspsp.”
Exercise 2:
2. Snapping the wooden pencil – stronger than I thought it was – left my hands with splinters.
3. The customer, miscreant that he is, asked the Baskin Robbins worker to give him a free sample of all the ice cream flavors.
4. The student’s sneeze, which reminded me of spraying a bottle of Windex, hinted at the beginning of allergy season.
5. The spicy dinner, that he engulfed without breaking a sweat, fought back a few hours later.
6. You can see the D train – a surprisingly reliable train – go up and down in the tunnels between 59th street and 125th street.
7. Her cat – whose name is Bartholomew – has a habit of sleeping frequently.
8. Chalkdust, which I guess is an okay substitute for coffee creamer, falls into the math teacher’s coffee every time he erases the chalkboard.
9. It made sense as to why his phone charger (which he bought for ninety-nine cents) stopped working after a week.
10. The students were visibly (and rightfully) upset after finding out their trip was canceled.
Exercise 3
1. Explanation: Adding the parenthetical phrase puts an emphasis on the fact that time and energy are in short supply, and it is crucial to understand that before housebreaking a puppy. Housebreaking a puppy will prove to take up a bunch of time and energy, so it will serve well to find ways to prioritize the housebreaking and other duties.
2. Explanation: The parenthetical phrase puts an emphasis on tic-tac-toe being a simple game, and the sentence offers a simple strategy to maximize the chance of a player winning.
3. Explanation: The parenthetical phrase prioritizes the distinction between colas and clear sodas whereas the unaltered version of the statement describes colas first, and then clear soda. The distinction is the focus of the sentence, so the parenthesis helps with that as well.
4. Explanation: The parenthetical phrase mentions examples of movies that DiCaprio starred in. The mentioned movies are well-known, and especially known for starring DiCaprio. The parenthetical phrase may also claim that if DiCaprio feels inclined toward a certain role, then the movie starring him will become well-known.
5. Explanation: The parenthetical phrase simply serves to make an interesting remark about another event that happened during the year 1789; it is not tied in with the topic that the sentence is about, but it is still interesting, therefore being parenthetical.
Exercise 4
1. The first sentence is better because it puts aside information that is useful to know about McKennitt, but it is not the main focus of the sentence.
2. The second sentence is better not only because it flows well but also because of its use of periods. The first sentence is somewhat hard to digest. Furthermore, in the second sentence, the only parenthetical statement is where Fifi is described as a lap dog. In this case, the parenthesis puts a focus on Fifi being a lap dog, which are known to be small. Coupled with the events that transpire later in the sentence, there is a strong effect that results from associating Fifi with a lap dog that held intruders at bay.
3. The first sentence is better because it attributes the description of Edgar Allen Poe to be contrary to what was supposedly believed before. The parenthesis does not become the main focus of the sentence and it simply enhances it by referencing a “recent scholarship.” The main focus of the sentence is still the fact that Poe was “not an alcoholic and drug addict.”
4. The second sentence is better. The parenthetical statement in sentence one with the mention of the partner does absolutely nothing to the sentence, nor is it an interesting remark. The parenthetical statement in the second sentence is during the description of the gown. The diction used for the description of the gown makes it look grotesque. The parenthetical statement aids in the transition to the last part of the sentence where it is certain that Moseley will be placed on a “worst-dressed [list].”
5. The first statement is better because it focuses on the comparison between mental illness and diabetes, which has been a focus for a long time, whereas the second statement does not. With the focus on the parenthesis, the reader may ask “Why is not mental illness treated with the same urgency as diabetes?”
Enumeratio
Exercise 1
2. Unlike driving in video games, driving in real life is more than a gas pedal, brake pedal, and steering.
3. His neighbor’s fridge consisted of vegetables, fruits, two gallons of whole milk, and a bunch of Tupperware containing leftovers.
4. A typical single-variable calculus course consists of limits, derivatives, series, and integrals.
5. There are three things that should be done to solve a physics problem efficiently: first, list the known variables; second, find the equation(s) of interest; and third, substitute and solve for the unknown quantity.
6. There are plenty of great rides to choose from when visiting Six Flags Great Adventure in New Jersey such as: Batman, El Toro, Green Lantern, Kingda Ka, Superman, Joker, and Nitro.
7. Christmas is his favorite holiday for many reasons: he gets numerous gifts, he drinks hot chocolate, and he stays cozy inside during the break.
8. Taking care of a pet involves getting them food, letting them be active, cleaning up after them, and taking them to a vet.
9. Basic troubleshooting of an aircraft system involves knowing how the system should work, observing how it is working, and then dividing the system to find the problem.
10. To do a geometric construction, first assume you have found the solution; then, actually do the problem.
Exercise 2
2. During summer vacation, I like to travel, I like to catch up with entertainment and friends that I have missed during the school year, and I like to have a paying job.
3. Through hard work and dedication during college, I see myself working as an engineer, at an aerospace company, and doing something cool with propulsion systems or aerodynamics in the next five to ten years.
4. Coupled with alliances between countries, the imperialistic and militaristic nature of those countries, intense nationalism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, it is no surprise why World War I broke out.
5. Where does rain come from? First, bodies of water on Earth are heated up by the Sun, causing them to turn into vapor, and rise into the air. Then, once the water vapor rises high enough that it becomes cold, the vapor condenses into clouds. Finally, when the clouds become too heavy, the clouds fall and turn back into water, causing rain.
6. To set up an email account: first, go to a website where you can create an email, such as Outlook, Yahoo, or Gmail; second, click on an option to create a new email; then, fill in the information the service requests from you; third, repeat the process for infinite free trials to your favorite streaming service.
Parenthesis
Exercise 1:
1.Parenthesis:
Scientists in Peru have been sent to collect samples of an unidentified object, believed to be a meteorite, which fell…
Source:
ABC News online
Effective or not:
effective
Explanation:
The parenthetical “believed to be a meteorite” adds important information. The object is unidentified, but they think it is a meteor.
1.Parenthesis: “Mr. Grooms last year bought a battery-powered Nissan Leaf, spending about $20,000 after government incentives, as a way to save money on gasoline.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/business/electric-vehicles-buyers-mainstream.html
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: $20,000 is a lot of money but to spend all that money to save money on gasoline shows how expensive gasoline is and the importance of electric vehicles.
2.Parenthesis: “Battery-powered cars now make up the fastest-growing segment of the auto market, with sales jumping 70 percent in the first nine months of the year from the same period in 2021, according to data from Cox Automotive, a research and consulting firm.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/business/electric-vehicles-buyers-mainstream.html
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: It provides an example of how fast battery-powered cars have grown within the auto market and makes the statement sound more reliable.
3.Parenthesis: “Buyers of battery-powered cars are concerned about climate change, but lower costs are also a powerful attraction, according to more than 3,000 respondents to a request for stories about electric car purchases on The New York Times’s website.“
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/business/electric-vehicles-buyers-mainstream.html
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: It’s effective because it gives another pro of buying/having electric cars. They help with climate change and are also just the more affordable car.
4.Parenthesis: “Many said they would never buy a gasoline car again, but many others said they intended to keep at least one conventional vehicle, because traveling long distances by electric car can be inconvenient and sometimes impossible because of difficulties in finding charging stations.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/business/electric-vehicles-buyers-mainstream.html
Effective or not: Effective?
Explanation: I’m not so sure about this because it doesn’t really show any pros of electric vehicles. However it is open and honest with people’s opinions in which there are some things that an electric car can cause in not good ways.
5.Parenthesis: “But it may be a while before there are enough affordable models, including used cars, which sell in much greater numbers than new vehicles.”
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/business/electric-vehicles-buyers-mainstream.html
Effective or not: Effective?
Explanation: I’m not so sure of the purpose of including used cars. I would assume that it’s to show that there is this potential movement/wave towards affordable models. Since used cars are used more, people are taking into account that to make sure it’s affordable b/c more consumers purchase used cars.
6.Parenthesis: “Last week, thousands of New Yorkers waited in endless lines to contemplate Allen’s holdings at Christie’s, and I think that’s because they knew it might be half a lifetime before they got another chance to see most of them.”
Source:https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/arts/design/paul-allen-collection-christies-maxfield-parrish.html
Effective or not: Not effective?
Explanation: I think reading it without the parenthetical stuff would sound awkward and confusing. I don’t think that there was a need for it and it probably could have been connected or written with only one comma or just two sentences. There’s just probably a better way to write the sentence.
Exercise 2:
She went to bed at 11 pm, which was later than usual, after finishing her homework.
On Sunday Mary worked out her lower body, specifically her glutes, at the gym.
Tom likes to take pictures of flowers, because they remind him of his mom, every weekend.
Mary’s birthday–which happens on a leap year is celebrated elaborately.
The mochi donuts were very small but very sweet–so sweet that I could only eat 1 out of the 6.
When I get bored, which happens specifically at 3 pm, I like to make paper airplanes.
I woke up at 5:30 am, because of biting down too hard on my jaw, and read some books to pass the time.
He walked down the aisle looking for some mac and cheese, specifically cheetos mac and cheese, because he was craving it.
When they applied hand sanitizer, only on their knuckles, they jumped in pain from an open cut.
Exercise 3:
1.Time and energy are often in short supply, but they are important when housetraining a puppy.
OR
Time and energy, which are often in short supply, are important when housebreaking a puppy.
Explanation: The main idea is that time and energy is important when housebreaking a puppy. The second sentence makes it more clear by having “which are often in short supply” in commas to help separate it a bit rather than be fully a part of the main idea.
2.The best way to win at a simple game like tic-tac-toe is to start by taking a corner.
OR
The best way to win at tic-tac-toe, a simple game, is to start by taking a corner.
Explanation: By having “a simple game” be in commas help give the understanding that winning or the best way to win is a very simple and easy way b/c the game is not complex.
3.Colas contain caramel coloring, but clear sodas do not.
OR
Colas, unlike clear sodas, contain caramel coloring.
Explanation: It provides a distinction or unique difference that colas has while still having the identity of a clear soda. The first sentence makes it seem as if Colas is not a clear soda.
4.Leonardo DiCaprio, star of Titanic and The Aviator, is very selective about his roles.
OR
Leonardo DiCaprio is very selective about his roles.
Explanation: It helps people understand the movies as well as an idea of what kind of role he played. It helps provide some context rather than stating something.
5.The year 1789, often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, was a year of political stability in the new United States.
OR
The year 1789 is often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, but it was a year of political stability in the new United States.
Explanation: The use of the parentheses or commas help provide a contrast in thinking. The year 1789 is usually associated with something violent and is also a year of political stability.
Exercise 4:
1.Loreena McKennitt, a composer and singer of Celtic music, is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
OR
Loreena McKennitt is a composer and singer of Celtic music. She is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: It combines the two sentences so it doesn’t sound awkward and has a clear main idea, which is that Loreena Mckennitt is appearing in Washington, DC.
2.Fifi, a toy poodle, one raised primarily as a lap dog, held three household intruders, who had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, at bay for five hours until the owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his second wife Edith, came home from the theater, where they had been watching a new musical.
OR
Fifi, a toy poodle raised as a lap dog, held three household intruders at bay for five hours. The intruders had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his wife Edith. Fifiheld the intruders until the Seamuses came home
from the theater and were able to call the police.
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The first is basically a run off sentence and sounds a bit choppy and confusing to follow because there are so many side remarks.
3.Edgar Allen Poe was, according to the most recent scholarship, not an alcoholic and drug addict
OR
Edgar Allen Poe was not an alcoholic and drug addict.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The first one includes the use of commas, and adds in additional information separated a bit from the main idea. It also simply makes it sound a bit more interesting rather than very straightforward and direct.
4.Aylisha Moseley, accompanied by her partner of many years, Aldous Pierson-Bomcroft, appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. Hers was an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl, which is certain to cement Ms.Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
OR
Aylisha Moseley appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. The gown—an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl—is certain to cement Ms. Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The first includes commas/information in areas that don’t really need to be included such as “accompanied by her partner of many years”.
5.Mental illness, a physiological condition like diabetes, should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
OR
Mental illness is a physiological condition like diabetes and should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: It gives a pause and also helps make the main idea clear in which it’s talking about mental illnesses in general and not specifically diabetes.
Enumeratio
Exercise 1:
1. When you’re sick it starts off with a sore throat and a cough, to a runny nose, change in voice and feeling absolutely terrible.
2. On the weekends I spend my time sleeping, eating, procrastinating on homework and just wasting time doing things I don’t have to do.
3. When I got my paycheck at first I treated myself to a simple dinner, then I bought a bunch of figures and toys and eventually bought myself clothes that used up the remaining of my paycheck.
4. The process of doing homework starts off by sitting down somewhere, changing your position every 5 minutes, writing down a sentence or two to eventually playing games and forgetting the fact that it’s due by the end of the day.
5. When my sister got a dog she had to comb his hair daily, wash him at least once a month, clip his nails when they were too long and make sure that he was well fed and taken out for daily walks.
6. On school days, I wake up, brush my teeth, get changed, eat breakfast and then chill for a good 20 minutes before going to school.
7. When I sleep my dreams can range from action-packed, depressing, full on weird, borderline nightmare and forgettable.
8. The 5 stages of grief are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and then acceptance.
9. Before I visited my friend, I got dressed, went to the flower shop to buy flowers, went to a bookstore to buy some books and then to Industry City where I had breakfast.
Exercise 2:
1.
Things you like to do during summer vacation: During my summer vacation I like to tan, eat ice cream, go to amusement parks and chill at home.
2.
Where you see yourself in the next five to ten years and how you got there: In the next 5-10 years I’ll be most likely fresh out of college, stressed and overwhelmed, still working a part time job and searching online on what jobs to do.
3.
The events that led to a well-known war: It starts with an assassination of someone important, to war between two countries and then the involvement of allies and war between those countries.
4.
The cycle of rain formation: Within the rain cycle, water vapor evaporates, condenses, and the precipitates back into the ground.
5.
How to set up an email account: To set up an email account make an email, set up a strong but memorable password, personalize the icon and site.
Enumeratio:
Exercise 1:
1. I have grown up with this business and it now needs to grow beyond our current borders into the green fields of opportunity in markets away from these shores, where we can excite new customers and build further on our outstanding success so far.
2. I am going down to the station to catch the train to town where I shall go ot the bank, visit the hairdresser, buy some flowers, then catch the train back so I can be here for five o’clock, just before Richard and Jane come.
3. I love her eyes, her hair, her nose, and her cheeks, that’s what Mike said.
4. I can cook a lot of food like mashed potatoes, chicken, mac n’ cheese, and rice.
5. Today Sarah is going to school, then to the hair salon, and after that, she is going to the mall to buy some clothes.
6. Tony got an A on his biology exam, English exam, his math final, and physics presentation.
7. Chris didn’t understand if to solve the math equation he need to ask the teacher, asked his friend, or use PEMDAS.
8. For the party we need to bring, chairs, a table, cups, and drinks.
9. For the Halloween costume we need to buy a costume, some makeup, accessories, and hair products if we want to be a princess.
10. For school I need to buy some notebooks, pencils, pens, and some highlighters.
Exercise 2:
1. Things you like to do during summer vacation: For my summer vacation trip I needed to do last-minute shopping, clean my house, and pack my suitcase.
2. Where do you see yourself in the next five to ten years and how you got there: In the next five to ten years I see myself in medical school, enjoying life, and learning new things.
3. The events that led to a well-known war: Franco-Russian Alliance (1894), First German Naval Law, (1898), The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Austria-Hungary’s Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1908), The Second Moroccan Crisis (1911), Italy Invades Libya (1911), The Balkan Wars (1912-13), and Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1914) these events lead to War World 1.
4. The cycle of rain formation: Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to form clouds, and precipitates back to earth in the form of rain and snow.
5. How to set up an email account: First you create an email then have a password, and then you have an email account.
Parenthesis:
Exercise 2:
1. Tony, on the other hand, is considered extremely trustworthy.
2. House prices in Alton, which is only 25 minutes from London, are soaring.
3. Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth but supreme beauty.
4. They roasted the winning brisket — the size of a pillow — in a mighty clay oven.
5. John, however, drinks like a fish.
6. Sarah, on the other hand, eats like a big.
7. Today is my sister’s birthday so my mother served tres leche- a Hispanic delicacy that is made with three different types of milk.
8. The roasted chicken–the size of a pig–in a stone oven.
9. Kris, on the other hand, is considered extremely disloyal.
Exercise 3:
1. Adding the underline part helps to show that it is important to know that it is in short supply.
2. A simple game is parenthetical because it is important but not essential to know.
3. Unlike clear soda is parenthetical because it helps to differentiate that clear soda is the exception.
4. Star of Titanic and The Aviator is parenthetical because it is important to have some examples of films he was a part of.
5. Often associated with the beginning of the french revolution is parenthetical because it’s something to know but not important.
Exercise 4:
1. The first one because it is important to add that Loreena is a composer and singer.
2. The second one is because it delivers its message more effectively because it expands on the sentence and broke it up.
3. The first one is because it expands on why Edgar is not an alcoholic and drug addict.
4. The second one is because gives a description to expand on what it is.
5. The first one is because it defines what mental illness is but is not necessary for the main idea of the sentence.
parenthesis
1. the price of eggs, once a dollar for a dozen, has skyrocketed.
2. Here is where you will immerse yourselves, immerse into the world of Harry Potter
4. this cream is great, great for reducing fine lines and wrinkles
5. this would have never been solved until the superhero -better late than never- arrived
6. true love’s kiss – from someone who brushed their teeth preferably- saves the day.
7. parenthesis, the punctuation marks, are said to undermine an argument.
9. Michelle, contrary to popular belief, is a twerp
10. The Declaration of Independence- arguably the most important document of our time- was signed at the bottom
1. Rather than using the word “but,” the aside allows for a more additional attitude towards the sentence rather than an exclusive one.
2. It isn’t essential to include this, but it is parenthetical and is more active than passive.
3. This is organized more academically and flows better
4. This adds examples and can help prove that he has the right to be selective since he makes so much money with these roles. It can also help the readers understand who the sentence is talking about.
5. It deflects slightly from the original point of the sentence, but includes accurate background.
1. the first is more effective since it flows better and is a single sentence.
2. the second one is more effective since it tells the story in a more organized way without altering what happened.
3. the first is more effective since it includes the source of knowledge
4. the first is more effective since it includes the aside in the first sentence as to who she was with.
5. the first is more effective since it adds a useful pause in the argument
Enumeratio
1. I woke up, got ready for the day, traveled by train, and made it to campus
2. It’s easier said than done: first you have to mix the ingredients, then put it in the pan, then put it in the oven, then wait for it to bake.
3. Rhetorical devices are limitless, including simile, metaphor, anaphora, and more.
5. There are three big ideas: get money, get rich, and pay for lawyers.
6. I went to the grocery store, the park, Starbucks, and my friend’s house yesterday.
7. I got great grades: all 100s in my math, science, English, history, and Spanish class.
9. I love reading, including the books Pride and Prejudice, Song of Achilles, Paper Towns, Crime and Punishment, and Animal Farm.
1. I went to the beach, came home, had lunch, went to the pool, got ready for dinner, went out, and finally came home that summer.
2. I just want to be happy: maybe kids, a significant other, a degree or two on my walls, and a steady job will give me that.
3. the water cycle is simple: water evaporates, condensates in clouds, then precipitates and falls in the form of rain.
5. To create an email account, you go to google, search “how to make an email account,” then follow the clear instructions there.
Parenthesis:
Exercise 2:
2. Shella chose the red vehicle, green was off-limits according to mum apparently, and went on her merry way.
3. She knew it was Kayla (she could never be confused with Tati who was a whole head taller) and waved her over.
4. I wasn’t lying (well, I was a little, but that wasn’t the point!).
5. Cole reached for the shiny medal — a second-place medal mind you— but still very shiny.
6. Sally, by extreme contrast (like seriously, how could they be more different), would never lie.
7. Tiny hands, although very dirty and uncoordinated, grabbed at the rubber duck.
8. It was time to pull out all the stops– this only happened in very dire situations– to impress grandma.
9. It is important to note in history— more specifically American history— that connections are a powerful tool.
10. Talia was an amazing girl, smart, tall, very athletic, kind, and helpful, overall better than any other person I’ve met.
Exercise 3:
2. The parenthetical “a simple game” gives more emphasis and is less dismissive than the first sentence.
3. The parenthetical clearly distinguishes the difference between cola and clear sodas. It makes it clear that cola is not a clear soda and contains caramel coloring, while in the previous sentence one would not necessarily know that cola is a dark soda.
4. The parenthetical gives the reputation or clarification of Leonardo Dicaprio, because with his name alone one may not know who he is, but with the examples of well-known films one understands the importance or prestige of this actor.
5. The parenthetical shifts the focus off of the French Revolution, that is not the point of the sentence. Instead, it gives the reader an idea/context to anchor on for the rest of the sentence.
Exercise 4:
The first sentence is better because it combines the two sentiments into one idea, it is more impactful that way, which two separate sentences lack.
The second sentence because the first sentence ruins the flow of reading by pausing way too often and makes it awkward.
The first one because it provides some evidence/clarity as to why Edgar Allen Poe was not an alcoholic or drug addict.
The second sentence because it can be read quickly and give the stronger, scathing, effect of the sentence.
The first sentence because it gives the reader a pause to digest the comparison of mental illness and diabetes (just as important/critical).
Enumeratio:
Exercise 1:
2. Amelia is a kind, gentle, helpful, and encouraging friend.
3. How is this a bad idea? Well, it’s dark, raining, and there’s a menacing figure past that rock.
4. Why am I busy? Let’s look at the factors: Math homework, English homework, Social Studies homework, and Science homework, all take hours each to complete.
5. I like watching animated tv shows, like Spongebob Squarepants, Kaijudo, Powerpuff Girls, Owl House, and The Secret Saturdays.
6. Whenever I am overwhelmed, I think of my family, friends, my hobbies, ad everything I love.
7. Tomorrow is a busy day: I have to go to the Dentist, pick up my little sister, buy groceries, and be back in time for the party.
8. The soft grass, the wind in my hair, the pleasant sun rays on my skin, this is the greatest day.
9. Mikey thought I was lying, my sister thought so, my brother, and even my mom!
10. Let’s not forget that I, Samantha, sister to two, and leader of the bird-watching brigade, am in charge.
Exercise 2:
2. Summer vacation is the best! I can sleep in, go to the beach, and stay up all night playing games!
3. I have worked nonstop, training my hands, and practicing every day to be an animator. Not only that, but through my determination, dependability, and increased skill I’ve become lead animator.
4. The unfair Treaty of Versailles toward Germany, the rise of militarism, the economic depression of Germany, and the invasion of Poland caused WWII.
5. The water cycle: water evaporates into the atmosphere, condenses to form clouds, precipitates, and the cycle continues.
In order to create an email account, you need to go to google (which is the best email account), select create an email, create an email address, and then create a password.
Parenthesis
Excercise 1:
1) Parenthesis: “For two decades, Ms. Pelosi of California, 82, and Representatives Steny H. Hoyer of Maryland, 83, the House majority leader, and James E. Clyburn of South Carolina, 82, the Democratic whip, have remained at the top of their party in the House, freezing out dozens of ambitious junior lawmakers who were eager to ascend to more senior roles. ”
Source: The New York Times
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: Including parenthesis after each person mentioned allows for more detail and description in an organized manner.
2)Parenthesis: “Mr. Jeffries was among the impeachment managers who made the case to convict former President Donald J. Trump on charges of obstructing Congress and abusing the power of his office, at one point dropping a quote from the rapper Biggie Smalls, a fellow Brooklynite.”
Source: The New York Times
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: At the end of the quote they include a comma after mentioning Biggie Smalls to describe where he is from which provides more context for the audience.
3)Parenthesis: “Commercial traffic was banned Thursday afternoon on about 130 miles of the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) in the Rochester and Buffalo area to the Pennsylvania border, Hochul’s office said.”
Source: CNN
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthesis after New York State Thruway provides more information about the Interstate and what it is so more people know what they are referring to.
4) Parenthesis: “Further, officials in New York’s Erie County – which includes Buffalo – also declared a state of emergency and banned driving beginning Thursday night.”
Source: CNN
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthesis specifies a piece of information that could be vague or not known if they hadn’t included it.
5) Parenthesis: “That last game was a stunning 2-1 victory for Leeds over title challengers Liverpool, during which Aaronson ran 8.2 miles—the farthest any English Premier League (EPL) player has managed all season.”
Source: TIME
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: By including the parenthesis this lets the reader know why that piece of information is important and its significance.
6) Parenthesis: “Notably, both brothers scored in their first Major League Soccer (MLS) starts.”
Source: TIME
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthesis after Major League Soccer helps clarify an acronym and if they didn’t include it then the readers wouldn’t have known an important piece of information.
Exercise 2:
1) Debra went to her old, green car that was on its last leg.
2) They were on their way to get a new puppy, which they were going to name Spot.
3) That was when we finally decide on our favorite food- Meat Lovers Pizza.
4) On my birthday, January 13, I received a red velvet delicious cake.
5) The test was said to be difficult by the class before us (an honors class), so we were worried.
6) The doodles (cats scribbled all over the desk) were making the teachers angry.
7) She took out her blue, glittery water bottle.
8) After looking at her folder, which was worn down and ripping, she knew it was time to get a new one.
9) As they were walking to the corner store- the best one in the neighborhood- they realized they forgot their wallets.
10) She walked up to the NAC Building (a large, grey concrete building on campus).
Exercise 3:
1) In the first one the main idea is that time and energy are needed when house-training a puppy. While in the second one the emphasis is on how time and energy are often in short supply. I would say that it is good to include how they are in short supply in the parentheses.
2) In the first one implies that taking a corner works for every simple game while the second one specifies that it only works for tic-tac-toe which is a simple game so it is better to include it in the parentheses.
3) The main idea in the first one is that Colas contain the coloring while clear sodas do not. The second one emphasizes that Colas are different from clear sodas. The commas are showing the contrast to the fact that Colas have caramel coloring and they differ from clear sodas.
4) In the first one adding the commas shares more details and description about Leonardo DiCaprio in the commas, while the second one provides little to no detail about who he is.
5) The first one shifts the main focus to the fact that 1789 was a year of political stability as opposed to the second one where the main idea is that it was the beginning of the French Revolution.
Exercise 4:
1) The first sentence is better because it described Loreena McKennitt while providing those details in commas so the sentence and flow are more organized.
2) The second sentence is better because it groups together specific details into one entire comma structure so it is easier to read.
3) The first one is better because it provides sources and credentials for where the information was taken from.
4) The second one is better because it is less confusing to read since it starts with what she is wearing as opposed to speaking about her partner and then what she is wearing.
5) The first one is better because it shares a general subject and within the commas, it goes into something more specific to share more details.
Enumeratio
Exercise 1:
1) Today I went to school, and the library, and as I was heading home I got some food with my friends.
2) My assignments are overwhelming. I have to do my English posts, two papers, and a speech.
3) In order to make brownies you need to follow certain steps: take out the ingredients, mix them all together, bake them and then you can finally eat them.
4) When I get ready for my day I wake up, brush my teeth, put on my clothes, eat breakfast, and then I am ready to leave the house.
5) When I prepare for a test I first get all of my notes together, review them, and then do practice questions.
6) Everyday when I pick my outfit for school I start by picking the pants I want to wear, then the shirt, and in the end, I put on my jewelry.
7) There are so many things to do when you go to New York. You can go to Times Square, Central Park, the MET, and the MoMA.
8) Everytime I pack my clothes for vacation I make sure not to forget my toothbrush, toothpaste, and socks.
9) In order to get to my classes I need to take a bus, two trains, walk up the terrible hill with stairs, and then walk to the building.
10) There are so many genres of music. There is country, pop, rap, and classical just to name a few.
Exercise 2:
1) When I am on summer vacation there are so many things I like to do. I love to go swimming, go to the beach, hang out with my friends, and go on new adventures.
2) In the next 5 to 10 years I see myself graduating from the B.Arch program, applying for my master’s degree, and hopefully in my own apartment through hard work and determination.
3) The war began with a disagreement, then it escalated to a fight, and it finally resulted in war.
4) Rain is formed through the water cycle which includes water evaporating into vapor, condensing to form clouds, and precipitating back to Earth through rain or snow.
5) In order to set up an email account you need to go to your preferred email website, click create an account, and fill out all of your information.
Parenthesis
Exercise 2 –
2. I ran effortlessly to the finish line, getting first place.
3. He drove his car, the red one, to the store.
4. He ran for president, with the notion that he would win, and lost.
5. He broke his leg, his right leg, last week.
6. He got a 100 on his essay, the one he spent all night on.
7. They began dating, ever since the 10th grade, because they loved each other.
8. He lied to her, as he does every time, about where he was.
9. They aimed to rob the bank, the bank on the corner, the next night.
10. The pain she left him with, from rejecting him, broke his heart.
Exercise 3 –
1. The use of the parenthetical here amplifies the idea that energy isn’t always available.
2. The use of the parenthetical here predefines that tic-tac-toe is a simple game and that the strategy to win should also be regarded as so.
3. The use of the parenthetical defines that clear sodas are different from colas as colas have the coloring while they do not.
4. The parenthetical here brings significance to the actor by alluding to some of his works
5. The parenthetical here puts the political instability as the main part of the sentence while justifying the instability by the mention of the year’s association with the French Revolution.
Exercise 4 –
1. The first sentence, because it mentions useful information about McKennitt, but doesn’t focus on it.
2. The second sentence, because it has a good flow due to its use of periods. Also, in the second sentence, the only parenthetical statement is when Fifi is told to be a lap dog. The parenthesis puts a focus on Fifi being a lap dog, which is usually small. Along with the events that happen later in the sentence, there is an unusual that occurs from associating Fifi with a lap dog that held up against intruders.
3. The first sentence, because it puts the description of Edgar Allen Poe to be different from what was told to be believed before. The parenthesis isn’t the main focus of the sentence and it enhances it by referencing a recent scholarship. The main focus of the sentence is the fact that Poe was not an alcoholic or drug addict.
4. The second sentence, the parenthetical statement in the first sentence with the mentioning of the partner does nothing to the sentence. The parenthetical statement in the second sentence is during the description of the gown. The words used for the description of the gown make it look unusual. The parenthetical statement helps the transition to the end of the sentence where it is certain that Moseley will be placed on a worst-dressed list.
5. The first statement, because it puts focus on the comparison between mental illness and diabetes, which becomes a focus for longer, whereas the second statement does not.
Enumeratio
Exercise 1 –
2. Today I went to school, the gym, a restaurant, and then home.
3. You could type it, write it, print it, or do whatever you like.
4. You could play soccer, basketball, baseball, or tennis.
5. I have a grandma, grandpa, mom, dad, and brother.
6. To swim you start by throwing one arm forward, scooping the water towards yourself, doing the same with the other arm, then paddling your feet simultaneously.
7. Our story is that we met in high school, dated, got engaged, then had our wedding.
8. To write up an essay you need to plan it out, search for sources, write up drafts, revise them, and final draft it.
9. To get to school I have to take the N train, the 7 train, the 2 train, then the 1 train.
10. To drive your car you need to get in, stick the key in, start the ignition, and then pedal the gas.
Exercise 2 –
2. During Summer Vacation I like to go swimming, go to the amusement park, go get ice cream, and play sports outside.
3. In the next 5 to 10 years I see myself with a college degree by completing college, a job through a successful interview, being married to a girl I love, and having kids with my wife.
4. What led up to World War 2, was the Treaty of Versailles from Germany’s World War 1 defeat, then the great depressions, then the Nazi takeover by Hitler of a vulnerable Germany, then the invasion of Poland.
5. Bodies of water evaporate, at certain altitudes they condense, then clouds form, then clouds get heavy with water, then the rain falls from the clouds.
6. To make an email account go to the login browser, click sign up, make the email account as you would like it, confirm to finish setting up the account, and then log in to the email account.
Parenthesis
E.x. 1
Over the next week or so, pay attention to the newspapers, magazines, or blogs that you read. Listen closely to people you hear speaking, whether on television, radio, online, or in person. Note any examples of parenthesis usage (the insertion of parenthetical material, not exclusively the use of parentheses) you encounter and list them. Also, decide whether each particular construction was effective or not and explain why. The first one has been done for you as an example.
Parenthesis: Scientists in Peru have been sent to collect samples of an unidentified object, believed to be a meteorite, which fell…
Source: ABC News online
Effective or not: effective
Explanation: The parenthetical “believed to be a meteorite” adds important information. The object is unidentified, but they think it is a meteor.
Parenthesis: “On the other side of the country, in Shanghai, demonstrators held up sheets of blank white paper, turning them into an implicit but powerful sign of defiance.”
Source: NYTimes
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical “in Shanghai” adds important information. It reveals to us the city in which the protests occurred.
Parenthesis: “As the end of the year approaches, investors—and maybe even Musk—should consider how it happened.”
Source: Barrons.com
Effective or not: Ineffective
Explanation: The remark was not very important and didn’t add much to the sentence yet dashes were used, interrupting the flow.
Parenthesis: “In the end, BAB shared that she did not call her manager, as requested, and she ignored any incoming calls from him.”
Source: Buzzfeed.com
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: A brief injection of “as requested” emphasized that BAB was told by management to call them but still refused, showing that she no longer cared about her manager’s opinion.
Parenthesis: “Its governing body, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, was formed in 1945 as part of a postwar global effort to promote cultural understanding and, with that, peace.”
Source: National Geographic
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical “the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization” adds relevant information. It gives us the name of the governing body of the World Heritage program, a central focus of the article.
Parenthesis: “Gervonta Davis and Ryan Garcia, two of the biggest stars in the sport, announced Thursday that they’ll meet next year in Las Vegas.”
Source: ESPN
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The parenthetical “two of the biggest stars in the sport” adds relevant information. It emphasizes the star power of both fighters, making it clear why a potential boxing match between the two would be so significant.
Parenthesis: “In the BCI world, according to Bloomberg, that’s second only to Neuralink.”
Source: Gizmodo
Effective or not: Not effective
Explanation: The parenthetical “according to Bloomberg” provided us with the source of the claim but it was awkwardly placed in the middle of the sentence, interrupting the flow, when it could have easily been placed elsewhere.
Ex. 2
Exercise 2: Now, write 10 original constructions that employ the use of parenthesis. Make sure you use commas, dashes, and even parentheses marks.
The first one has been done for you as an example. Because it was my birthday, my mother served tater tots—a delicacy usually reserved for company.
2. When cooking pasta, and especially penne, you should avoid boiling it for longer than 6-7 minutes.
3. When Jack climbed Mt Everest‒ something he didn’t tell me about until very recently‒ he slipped and nearly died after leaving the second base camp.
4. Mike Tyson, at one point the highest paid athlete in the world, filed for bankruptcy in 2003.
5. When I woke up on Friday, I was sure that I was going to have a calm, uneventful day‒ I was wrong.
6. In August 15, 2022, just a few short months after the United States withdrew from Afghanistan, the Taliban overran Kabul and took control of the country
7. Tina thinks that her favorite soccer club, Manchester United, is the best club in the league.
8. It took a very long time‒ 751 days to be exact‒ for George to rebuild his home after the fire.
9. While clove can be used in many applications (medicine, fragrance, flavored cigarettes), it is mainly used as a cooking ingredient in asian cuisine.
10. On Wednesday, right in the middle of his finals week, he packed his bags and boarded a flight to cancun.
E.x. 3
Read the following 5 pairs of sentences and explain what value is added to the sentence by the underlined parenthetical element. Be certain to explain the value of the parenthetical material in deeper terms than merely the inclusion of additional information:
Example: Morgan’s relatives, who had come to America on The Mayflower, were among the wealthiest in the state.
OR
Among the wealthiest people in the state were Morgan’s ancestors.
Explanation: The main idea in the first sentence is that Morgan’s relatives had a lot of money. The information about their arrival on The Mayflower is less important, but it is interesting, and is, therefore, parenthetical.
Time and energy are often in short supply, but they are important when housetraining a puppy.
OR
Time and energy, which are often in short supply, are important when housebreaking a puppy. Explanation: The main idea of the sentence is that time and energy are important for housetraining a puppy. The idea that these 2 things are in short supply is not an integral part of what the author is trying to convey but it is still worth mentioning (it emphasizes that housetraining a puppy is not a laid-back process that anybody can easily do) so it is a parenthetical.
The best way to win at a simple game like tic-tac-toe is to start by taking a corner.
OR
The best way to win at tic-tac-toe, a simple game, is to start by taking a corner.
Explanation: The main idea is that taking a corner is the first step to winning a game of tic-tac-toe. The fact that tic-tac-toe is a simple game is not important to the argument so if the writer wanted to include it, it would only really make sense to use it in a parenthetical.
Colas contain caramel coloring, but clear sodas do not.
OR
Colas, unlike clear sodas, contain caramel coloring.
Explanation: Colas contain caramel coloring. This description of cola seems to be the main focus of the sentence, rather than details about clear sodas. To emphasize that the focus is on colas, a parenthetical is used for the comparison to clear sodas.
Leonardo DiCaprio, star of Titanic and The Aviator, is very selective about his roles.
OR
Leonardo DiCaprio is very selective about his roles.
Explanation: The main idea is that DiCaprio is selective about his roles. The parenthetical adds worthwhile information that can help the reader recognize who DiCaprio is while giving examples of his work that he may have been picky about.
The year 1789, often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, was a year of political stability in the new United States.
OR
The year 1789 is often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, but it was a year of political stability in the new United States.
Explanation: The focus is on political stability in the US. The mention of the French Revolution is highlighting that this period of American stability is overshadowed by other developments. To keep the focus on the USA, the information about France is added as a parenthetical.
E.x. 4
Read the following 5 examples of parenthesis and decide which variation is more effective. Then explain why:
Loreena McKennitt, a composer and singer of Celtic music, is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
OR
Loreena McKennitt is a composer and singer of Celtic music. She is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
Which sentence is better?
FIRST
Explanation: The first sentence is concise and straight to the point. The second group of sentences is unnecessarily lengthy.
Fifi, a toy poodle, one raised primarily as a lap dog, held three household intruders, who had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, at bay for five hours until the owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his second wife Edith, came home from the theater, where they had been watching a new musical.
OR
Fifi, a toy poodle raised as a lap dog, held three household intruders at bay for five hours. The intruders had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his wife Edith. Fifi held the intruders until the Seamuses came home from the theater and were able to call the police.
Which sentence is better?
SECOND
Explanation: The first sentence is far too long, with too many details packed into the parenthesis. The second group of sentences breaks apart the ideas much better and each sentence is a reasonable length, making it easier to follow along.
Edgar Allen Poe was, according to the most recent scholarship, not an alcoholic and drug addict.
OR
Edgar Allen Poe was not an alcoholic and drug addict.
Which sentence is better?
FIRST
Explanation: The fact that the most recent scholarship found that Poe wasn’t an addict seems like it’s a relevant detail (perhaps earlier scholarship suggested that he was an addict). The second sentence makes no reference to the aforementioned scholarship.
Aylisha Moseley, accompanied by her partner of many years, Aldous Pierson-Bomcroft, appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. Hers was an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl, which is certain to cement Ms. Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
OR
Aylisha Moseley appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. The gown—an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl—is certain to cement Ms. Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
Which sentence is better?
SECOND
Explanation: Once again, the second paragraph separates and organizes the ideas much more clearly. The sentences in the first paragraph are too lengthy, making it hard to understand.
Mental illness, a physiological condition like diabetes, should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
OR
Mental illness is a physiological condition like diabetes and should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
Which sentence is better?
SECOND
Explanation: The connection to diabetes seems like an important part of the writer’s argument. The first sentence minimizes this connection by putting it in a parenthetical.
Enumeratio
Ex. 1
Write 10 original constructions that employ enumeratio. The first one has been done for you as an example.
This is actually a multi-step process: Think of an example, write it down, turn it in, and get a good grade.
2. I did many things last weekend. I went to Manhattan with my cousin on Thanksgiving, went to dinner at a family friend’s house the next day, and then attended my friend’s birthday party on Saturday.
3. There are 3 main reasons for the increase in prices: the war in Ukraine, the massive amounts of new currency printed by the US government, and the effects of the covid pandemic.
4. He is called by many names: the most merciful, the most kind, the most just, and the list goes on.
5. I went to the mall on Wednesday. I first spent some time shopping for shoes, then I went to the second floor and took an hour to look for a suit, and finally I went to Shake Shack and had a meal.
6. There are numerous languages which are part of the Indo-European language family: Hindi, English, Spanish, Russian, Armenian, and more.
7. You can do a lot of things with a modern mobile phone. You can call people, play games, watch youtube videos, do online shopping, video chat, etc.
8. I’ve lived in Sweden, Finland, Germany, the United Kingdom, Greece, and Latvia.
9. Taking care of a dog isn’t easy. You have to feed it, wash it, walk it, take it to the vet, and give it lots of love.
10. The pizza was amazing. It had the perfect level of cheese, the crust was cooked to perfection, and the sauce was seasoned just right.
E.x. 2
Create a sentence in which you use enumeratio to describe each of the following topics.
The first one has been done for you as an example.
your favorite holiday
The reasons Halloween makes me happy are many, but I certainly enjoy seeing children in their costumes and disguises, I love giving candy and treats to little kids, and sometimes I get a thrill from scaring teenagers when they come begging for sweets.
2. things you like to do during summer vacation
There are so many activities I do during summer break: jet skiing, swimming, parasailing, surfing, and scuba diving.
3. where you see yourself in the next five to ten years and how you got there
Where will I be in 10 years from now? I see myself somewhere in the finance industry, perhaps as a financial analyst for a big-4 firm, or maybe as a personal financial advisor, or perhaps even as the CFO of Citibank. I presume I will be in this position due to the grades I got in school, the internships I had, and the clubs I used to network with other people.
4. the events that led to a well-known war
There were many events that led to the start of WWI: the killing of archduke Franz Ferdinand, the July Crisis, and finally Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia, resulting in Russia’s involvement.
5. the cycle of rain formation
The cycle of rain formation has only a few steps. First, rain falls from the clouds. Then, the rain runs off into rivers, streams and other bodies of water. After that, water evaporates from major bodies of water. And finally, said water condenses into clouds.
6. how to set up an email account
Setting up an email account is really quite simple: choose a username, choose a password, choose a verification method, choose an email site, and input all these details into the registration page.
Parenthesis
Exercise 1:
2.Parenthesis: “I am going to see Joe (the guy we had calc with) later on today”.
Source: My friend mariam speaking to me in person.
Effective or not: Effective.
Explanation: I find this to be effective because she inserted information which was that we had calc with Joe into the main flow of her speaking about what she was doing that day.
3.Parenthesis: “‘Black dog’ is the mood of bottomless, suicidal despair suffered, most notoriously, by Winston Churchill (himself a kind of bulldog in nappies, a logo for Empire; growling and dribbling, wheezing smoke, swollen veins fired with brandy).”
Source: Lights Out for the Territory (By Iain Sinclair)
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: This is effective because it gives readers a unique picture of modern city life in London and its people. He also goes into revealing the underbelly of London by using parenthesis.
4.Parenthesis: “Naturally, Emily suggested that they start with the Pilot, and as they did, the girls were taken aback — not by their dad’s performance — but by how much they hated Steve Carrell’s character.”
Source: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ellendurney/john-krasinski-and-emily-blunt-kids-watched-the-office
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: This can be seen as effective because it dash’s to insert other information. It inserts information about the actors’ daughters not saying anything bad about their father but about the other actor. It is making a point to tell the reader that the daughter is fine with her fathers performance but did not like the other actors’ performance.
5.Parenthesis: “Prince William and Princess Catherine of Wales are in the United States (specifically Boston) for a short visit to attend the 2022 Earthshot Prize Awards ceremony.”
Source: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ellievhall/kate-middleton-rented-dress-gown-earthshot-diana-choker
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: This is effective. By having “specially Boston” in closed it allows readers to know that yes they are in the United States but more specifically they are in Boston, Maryland. This allows readers to see how the site does its research into where they are and what they are doing.
6.Parenthesis: “Beyond the gorgeous (if secretly flawed) tub, it’s the doors that slide open to a little terrace “sitting area” for me. She mentions that she sometimes uses it to teach her children the importance of “taking some time for yourself.”
Source: https://www.buzzfeed.com/rossyoder/ellen-pompeo-beach-house-walkthrough?origin=nofil
Effective or not: Effective.
Explanation: This is effective because it adds in extra information by enclosing it. She is able to speak about how the tub is stunning but at the same time point out that it still might be flawed but yet it is still beautiful.
7.Parenthesis:”My friend’s mom (over 70 years old) owns a small Asian grocery store. Post Malone came walking in with his girlfriend, and his mom had no idea who he was. A few cute things happened.”
Source: https://www.buzzfeed.com/kristatorres/people-who-didnt-know-they-met-a-celeb
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: This is effective becaus eit inserts information about the mother being older which gives reason to why she would not recongize any young famous person walking into the store. It makes it seem cute and makes for an overall nice experience.
Exercise 2:
2. The child’s dog- whose name is Xavi – has a habit of eating too much.
3. It made sense as to why their car (which they paid only 100 dollars for) stopped in the middle of the road.
4. The parents were visibly (and rightfully) emotional after finding out that their child had passed away.
5. The drinks (that she chugged down at the bar without a second thought) hit her only 5 minutes later.
6. When I get restless (happens at 6 Pm) I like to go for a run.
7. The boy she met was something else, just funny, kind, and smart, overall the best person she met.
8. Johnny went to his new, black motorcycle (like a new son).
9. The graffiti (wild animals all over the apartment building) were making the owners upset.
10. She got a 5 on her Ap test, the one she spent months preparing for.
Exercise 3:
1. Time and energy are often in short supply, but they are important when housetraining a puppy.
OR
Time and energy, which are often in short supply, are important when housebreaking a puppy.
Explanation: When you housebreak a puppy, time and energy is very important. The second sentence, unlike the first one, makes it more clear to the reader of this. It is done by having “which are often in short supply” in commas to help make it flow better.
2. The best way to win at a simple game like tic-tac-toe is to start by taking a corner.
OR
The best way to win at tic-tac-toe, a simple game, is to start by taking a corner.
Explanation: The second sentence is better as it has more value in it. By expressing tic-tac-toe as a simple game in commas it gives a better understanding of how to win as it is easy.
3. Colas contain caramel coloring, but clear sodas do not.
OR
Colas, unlike clear sodas, contain caramel coloring.
Explanation: The second sentence here is the better one. It, unlike the first one, is distinctive. It is more easy to understand and allows readers to see that Colas are different from clear sodas.
4. Leonardo DiCaprio, star of Titanic and The Aviator, is very selective about his roles.
OR
Leonardo DiCaprio is very selective about his roles.
Explanation: The first sentence is better than the second sentence. It allows people to make a connection to who the actor is as it was a big role he played by giving context whereas the second one expects you to know.
5.The year 1789, often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, was a year of political stability in the new United States.
OR
The year 1789 is often associated with the beginning of the French Revolution, but it was a year of political stability in the new United States.
Explanation: The first one is a better sentence than the second one. This is because by using commas it is able to provide a contrast because the year is associated with a negative and a positive.
Exercise: 4
1. Loreena McKennitt, a composer and singer of Celtic music, is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
OR
Loreena McKennitt is a composer and singer of Celtic music. She is appearing in Washington, D.C., next week.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The first is better because it unlike the second one is able to combine the two sentences. It helps to male the sentence sound less robotic and awkward while at the same time still giving the main idea about Loreena being in DC.
2. Fifi, a toy poodle, one raised primarily as a lap dog, held three household intruders, who had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, at bay for five hours until the owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his second wife Edith, came home from the theater, where they had been watching a new musical.
OR
Fifi, a toy poodle raised as a lap dog, held three household intruders at bay for five hours. The intruders had broken into the Fifth Avenue apartment of Fifi’s owners, Wall Street executive Jameson Seamus and his wife Edith. Fifield the intruders until the Seamuses came home from the theater and were able to call the police.
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The second sentence is better as it flows better. The first sentence is basically one big run off. It is poorly put together and does not get the point across. The second one is not confusing and does get the main idea of the sentence across.
3. Edgar Allen Poe was, according to the most recent scholarship, not an alcoholic and drug addict.
OR
Edgar Allen Poe was not an alcoholic and drug addict.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The second sentence is not the best choice. The first one is because it includes commas in appropriate places that allow it to add information that is not completely about the main idea. The first one also just sounds better and flows better.
4. Aylisha Moseley, accompanied by her partner of many years, Aldous Pierson-Bomcroft, appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. Hers was an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl, which is certain to cement Miss. Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
OR
Aylisha Moseley appeared in a gown designed by new-wave fashion mogul, Marcus-Marcus. The gown—an off-the-shoulder, red polyester monstrosity with a paisley shawl—is certain to cement Miss. Moseley’s place on all of this season’s worst-dressed lists.
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The clear best sentence here is the second. This is due to the fact that it unlike the first has commas and details relating to the point of the sentence in the appropriate and best spots. It is better flowing.
5.Mental illness, a physiological condition like diabetes, should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
OR
Mental illness is a physiological condition like diabetes and should not have the stigma attached to it that it currently endures.
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The first sentence is a better choice than the second sentence. This is because it makes the main idea clear. It also gives a pause to help this idea and make it clear that is talking about mental illnesses in general and not something specifically.
Enumeratio:
Exercise 1:
2. Science is easy except for the graphs, papers, and memorization.
3. Halloween is her favorite holiday for many reasons: she gets tons of candy, gets to dress up as her favorite princess, and does it all with her friends.
4. Christmas is his least favorite holiday for many reasons: it is on his birthday, he feels he gets less than other kids, and he feels a lot of people forget about his birthday.
5. She fell in love with his brown eyes, his 6 foot height, and his great personality.
6. People say most I.T problems rely on this simple process: first locate the main wire, unplug it, and then plug it back in again.
7. To solve a typical math problem you must first identify all the numbers, then list them and their variables and lastly, find the variable being asked that is missing.
8. Having a fish is still a responsibility, you must feed the fish, clean the tank, and check the tanks levels.
9. In order to make it in most theater productions you must be a triple threat, you have to be able to act, dance and sing.
10. I have traveled to England, America, France, and even Mexico.
Exercise 2:
2. things you like to do during summer vacation
During my summer vacation I like to hang out with my friends, swim in the pool, go to water parks, and travel.
3. where you see yourself in the next five to ten years and how you got there
With enough dedication in my college years, I see myself as a biomedical engineer, at a research facility, and being able to look into tissue engineering.
4. the events that led to a well-known war
Between alliances, nationalism, assassinations, it would have been impossible for world war one not to start.
5. the cycle of rain formation
The cycle of rain formation is very simple. It starts off with rain falling from the clouds, then the rain running into rivers and other bodies of water, and finally evaporating and condensing into clouds and then repeating.
6. how to set up an email account
To set up an email account is simple. You start with choosing an email site, then setting up a username, password, and verification method, and then you’re all done.
Analogy
2. “Time is cash, so spend it admirably” This analogy is utilized when related with various publicists that spin around getting individuals to accomplish something that will make them pay. Concentrating on unambiguous things will either assist with developing your cash or decline it and this analogy shows that idea.
3. “She is hard of seeing”. This analogy looks at the individual’s visual perception to a bat’s vision. It is successful while looking at the strength of her vision. Since bats can barely see and just have better vision around evening time, this analogy comprehends that she has terrible vision.
4. “Coronavirus is more far and wide than a wave”, this was utilized in a general wellbeing article that stressed the significant development of Coronavirus, which is the reason it fans out speedier quickly than a sea wave that will in general some of the time go sluggish or quick. It makes the Coronavirus sound more extreme.
5. “No grain is a difficult one to figure out for us”. This commercial is utilized in the maniple clinic as a method for contrasting the mind with a nut. Albeit nuts are challenging to open, this clinic looks at that cognizance to a mind since cerebrums can be difficult to separate and tackle. In any case, in this clinic, they have superb specialists that no cerebrum is difficult for them to deal with.
Exercise 2:
1. Going to the rec center resembles doing schoolwork, it’s a great deal of work.
2. Connections feel like a labyrinth, it’s incredibly muddled and can be ceaseless.
3. Eating popeyes, once in a while feels like I am eating a serving of mixed greens it isn’t the most ideal decision all of the time.
4. A cow is to a well evolved creature as a snake is to a reptile.
5. Each time I go with my sister she begins to live in her air pocket.
6. His eyes illuminated extremely hard that they seemed to be a beam of daylight.
7. My nephew acts well as gold.
8. At the point when I lifted my canine, he was essentially as light as a quill.
9. Watching the note pad was a rollercoaster of feelings
Exercise 3:
1. Driving a games group and driving a large company are both genuinely troublesome things to oversee the two winds up worrying you when no one tunes in.
2. Little youngsters are the power of nature without them there would be no earth.
3. Both old bits of innovation and dinosaurs are collectibles its extremely difficult to come by.
4. The planets sparkle like gemstones.
5. There should be a brilliant psyche and insight to make a wonderful nursery.
Exercise 4:
2. “The coat was tight to such an extent that it restricted the development of her arms. At the point when she attempted to get it off, she seemed to be
A. an ocean turtle skimming through the sea; this wouldn’t work on the grounds that the young lady is struggling while at the same time coasting would be viewed as something delightful and effortless.
B. a tyrannosaurus rex attempting to get something, this would fit on the grounds that generally t rex battle with their arms same as the young lady is.
C. an irate protestor waving a sign, wouldn’t connect with the analogy since it has no correlation with battling with less development of your arms rather it simply communicates outrage.
D. duck fluttering its wings, this would squeeze into the analogy since she is presumably battling to get into her coat so there is a great deal of development with her arms going this way and that like a duck.
3. Creatures have sentiments, so killing creatures only for their fur
A. resembles killing a deer just for its tusks: it’s contrasting that creatures are just utilized for something unambiguous to fulfill others.
B. is ethically off-base and ought to be unlawful: not compelling on the grounds that it isn’t including a correlation however rather expresses the negative parts of killing creatures
C. resembles disposing of rainforest to make paper: has a reasonable thought of the issue that is being given in light of the fact that the two worries spin around penances people make to accommodate our necessities.
D. is similarly just about as deplorable as the tests the Nazis performed on casualties in death camps”: should be visible as powerful on the grounds that both are superfluous activities that have been done mercilessly however for explicit reasons.
4. “The board’s refusal to acknowledge the association’s concession ________________.
A. came as a shock: not an analogy and doesn’t make sense of the sentence
B. made me consider a ruined kid offending a costly gift he’d recently opened: it connects with the administration’s refusal outlining the way that they act and how they can carry on like youngsters on occasion.
C. caused it to appear as though they needed to delay the strike”: this doesn’t connect with the feeling of the board, it very well may be appealing for laborers yet not for the administration.
D. was precisely exact thing occurred in the medical caretakers’ strike the year before: this one could feel successful on the grounds that it associates past occasions to the current anyway it isn’t the most ideal fit for the sentence.
5. “I investigated the antiquated gold miner and saw that the kinks all over
A. are basically as characterized and profound as the edges of the Terrific Gorge: this is a compelling analogy since it is engaging of the kinks of his face to edges, and it likewise gives a reasonable view.
B. overflow like a cascade isn’t as viable in light of the fact that it sounds more like a metaphor as opposed to a correlation and isn’t going top to bottom about the actual highlights
C. recount the narrative of his difficulties: which can be successful as it is contrasting the story with the kinks all over, making an association that it recounts an account of his portrayal of advanced age.
D. make me consider a pack of old organic product”: this analogy ruins that the expression is expressing and not building a connection to the uplifting outlook being given of the kinks.
6.”These glasses, which I never needed to wear in any case
A. make me stand apart a lot in school, and I won’t wear them sounds more like a continuation of a sentence in the feeling of making sense of as opposed to contrasting.
B. are so great at distances that maybe I’m wearing optics: powerful analogy since it is contrasting the distance with optics, it obliges each other particularly while contrasting with glasses.
C. essentially doesn’t help, likely in light of the fact that the remedy is off-base: there is no analogy inside this sentence, it is simply referencing the cons of the glasses
D. are presently as crucial for my life as a close buddy: this analogy is compelling on the grounds that it is putting serious areas of strength for an on glasses as it is contrasting glasses with companions
Allusion
Exercise 1:
2. Clarification: The book of occupations delineates an unwavering man prepared to acknowledge every one of the troublesome demands god has given anyway eventually there is consistently an explanation.
Sentence: Regardless of all that he goes through at home, he resembles a task he is faithful to his mom.
3. Clarifications: Delilah exploited Sampson and utilized him to acquire retribution.
Sentence: He was so fixated on having Delilah, in spite of having been recounted the way that he enjoyed taken benefit of others previously.
4. Clarification: Pandora is an individual that was coordinated to not open a container anyway she wound up doing the direct inverse and delivering all that she was cautioned about in view of her interest.
Sentence: Small children are like pandora, they never tune in spite of you letting them know every one of the outcomes that can happen when they don’t tune in.
5. Clarification: Prophet of Delphi is an individual who made forecasts and would respond to questions in light of the god Apollo.
Sentence: My mom resembles prophet Delphi since she realized I planned to go out toward the end of the week for a party.
6. Clarifications: Map book was the head of the Titans, who was condemned to convey paradise and earth.
Sentence: Football players resemble a chart book; they can convey an exceptionally significant burden on their shoulders.
7. Clarification: Bill entryways is a software engineer that helped to establish Microsoft and made huge riches.
Sentence: When I helped construct my cousin’s PC, I felt like I was bill doors.
8. Homer Simpson
Clarifications: Homer is a person in a show called the Simpsons, where he is one of the fundamental characters. He is typically exceptionally darebrained and behaves like he has no synapses.
Sentence: When I’m confused my companions think I carry on like Homer Simpson.
9. Clarification: Muhammad Ali was an expert fighter that was a notorious figure in boxing.
Sentence: Subsequent to watching rough I began to feel like I was Muhammad Ali each time I played and battled my cousins.
Exercise 2:
1. You needn’t bother with to be Albert Einstein to get into school.
2. Each time I begin feeling a piece insane, I begin to expect that I really want a Twix.
3. In class, I’m continuously paying attention to the lord.
4. My English educator is she who should not be named.
5. Each opportunity I come to school, and I see my crush I notice he is hot as Abbadon.
6. Going through my beau’s telephone feels like I will go mess everything up.
Exercise 3:
2.
Allusion: She grins like a Cheshire feline
Source: Alice in the wonderland
Impact: Underlines that there is a major grin all over
Importance: it gives that she is generally cheerful
3.
Allusion: It resembled she got a brilliant ticket
Source: Charlie and the chocolate production line
Impact: it is portraying something startling that can bloom into something more prominent
Importance: show the significance and uncommonness of this second
4.
Allusion: I wish I could simply click my heels
Source: wizard of oz
Impact: needing to tap the heels on the grounds that each time it clicks, they can vanish
Importance: it displays the feelings being communicated of needing to move far away from the ongoing circumstance.
Exercise 4:
1. Strolling into school and seeing my crush causes me to feel like I was struck by Cupid.
2. Ladies are like Pocahontas at times they simply need to investigate the world and be allowed to do anything without stress.
3. He gave such a strong discourse, it seemed like he was martin Luther lord jr when he communicated his sentiments on his point.
4. Each time I get up in the first part of the day, I feel like I am miser.
5. I feel like Mother Teresa when I return to my old fashioned to assist with directing the youngsters.
Parenthesis
1. She is coming to our house after work, around six o’ clock, meet with my grandfather.
2. New York, which is five hours from Canada, has rising home prices.
3. I read that novel The Great Gatsby, in high school
4. I work very hard from the beginning of the semester till the middle, right before midterms.
5. He was born in 1979, the year of the middle.
1. I have seven siblings and three half siblings – who go to seven colleges and have a variety of creatures that enjoy eating a lot, including dogs, cats, monkeys, birds, rabbits, hamsters, and snakes so mainly treats and candies.
2. Jimme lied to his mother about how much he received for final, like he always does.
3. It’s finally here, the parcel is here, my sister exclaimed.
4. The professor made a joke about how astonished he was to see Alan and Amy at the class.
5. The boy ran for his school in his final exam, which he would pass or fail.
Enumeration
1. Except for the graphs, equations, and geometry, math is simple.
2. I bought cinnamon, baking soda, flour, sugar, salt, and pepper at the store.
3. If he begins with a deep sigh, a waiter’s long list of all the salad dressings on offer can come out as a touch unfriendly.
4. I’ve traveled to Bangladesh as well as London, Paris, and the United States.
5. We brought some clothes, shoes, flowers, food, and candles for the celebration.
1. Drop your bucket among these laborers who, without strikes or labor battles, cleared your forests, built your railroads, built your towns, dredged up treasures from the depths of the earth, and made it possible for this wonderful illustration of the South’s development.
2. Thanksgiving is my favorite holiday for several reasons, including the fact that it falls on my sibling’s birthday, makes him feel unique, gives him fewer blessings than other children, and makes him feel like many people overlook his birthday.
3. We can hasten the day when all of God’s children, black and white, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the traditional black spiritual, Free at last! Free at last!
4. If America started the war to make the globe safe for democracy, then she first needs to make democracy secure in America, according to our argument.
5. When domestic democracy is routinely violated, free speech is repressed, peaceful protests are dispersed by obnoxious and aggressive criminals in uniform, and every independent viewpoint is silenced, how else is the world to take America seriously?
Parathesis
Exercise 1:
2:
Parenthesis: Problem 1 will ask you to look at the Spitzer School of Architecture building with radical empathy and a keen eye for how it explicitly or implicitly favors the non disabled – and then to intervene – using design to redress the bias.
Source: First year Architecture Syllabus
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: It was important for the sentence to contain information about intervening because that is one of the goals we worked towards for the project.
3:
Parenthesis: Alternatively, students may identify instances where the building is already accessible and inclusionary, even if unintended as such.
Source: First year Architecture Syllabus
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: I don’t think the additional information was really necessary but I believe it’s still effective because it encourages the reader to consider aspects they might not have thought to utilize.
4:
Parenthesis: Inspired by the work of Chat Travieso – but also John Hejduk and other architects and artists who have defined entire projects through rigorous sketches alone, students will create … [list of final deliverables].
Source: First year Architecture Syllabus
Effective or not: Not effective
Explanation: Since the syllabus only references Chat Travieso’s works, the information about other artists with similar works is not as important. The removal of that information would not impact the sentence in a negative way.
5:
Parenthesis: I suggest you “rent” the textbook, as it is much more affordable.
Source: Political Science Syllabus
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The information about affordability is useful to the reader in that it (1) provides a reason to justify the first statement and (2) is for the benefit of students.
6:
Paranthesis: All major assignments (excluding online quizzes) must be completed
Source: Political Science Syllabus
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: The information in the parentheses allows the reader to easily differentiate between assignments that must be submitted and assignments that are more flexible.
7:
Parenthesis: Copying other’s work and passing it off as your own (the definition of plagiarism) will not be tolerated.
Source: Political Science Syllabus
Effective or not: Could be either
Explanation: It’s not effective because it’s redundant. Most students already know the definition of plagiarism. However, there could be an argument for its effectiveness because it’s a writing choice to tell students not to plagiarize and then follow with the source that backs up that statement.
Exercise 2:
2: I use my bookmark, though it is too short to be practical, every time I read a new novel.
3: I like gingerbread—disgusting as they are—because they can be used to make gingerbread houses.
4: The soup, that my mom recently took off the stove, burned the roof of my mouth.
5: My mom, who started working when she was 15, is one of the most hardworking person I know.
6: I like the green pants, made of sleek velvet, more than the other pair.
7: This lotion, that I apply 3 times a day, leaves my skin so soft and smooth.
8: She was sad that her embroidered pillowcase, a gift for her birthday, got torn up by the dog.
9: The strawberry-kiwi smoothie, much beloved by customers, was so watery that I couldn’t finish the drink.
10: My brother dislikes fps games, short for first person shooter, though they were among the first games he ever played.
Exercise 3:
1:
Explanation: The main idea is advice for housebreaking puppies so that information shouldn’t be parenthesized. It is more important than the fact that time and energy is in short supply.
2:
Explanation: Parenthesizing “a simple game” does not affect the content of the sentence. That piece of information is less important than the game advice.
3:
Explanation: The focus of the sentence is about how colas contain caramel coloring. Though the contrast with clear sodas is interesting, it does not further the main point of the sentence so it can be parenthesized.
4:
Explanation: By adding the information about the roles Leonardo DiCaprio has been in, it establishes a good reason for why he is very selective about his roles.
5:
Explanation: The portion about the US is more important than the fact about the French Revolution as it is the piece of information that the sentence wants to highlight. The portion about the French Revolution is interesting and adds some contrast in regards to political stability, but it is not as important.
Exercise 4:
1:
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The second sentence’s parenthesis is not very effective because the information about time is very important. It should not have been parenthesized. Th first sentence is more effective because, though it is interesting to know that Loreena is a composer and singer of Celtic music, that information is not important to understanding the idea of the sentence.
2:
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The second sentence is broken down in multiple sentences that allows for a better reading experience. Consequently, that means it doesn’t overuse parentheses just for the sake of using it. The additional information about the fact that Fifi is “a toy poodle raised as a lap dog” or about her owners are good pieces of information to parenthesize.
3:
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The first sentence provides context, grounded in academia, for the main idea of the sentence while the second one does not.
4:
Which sentence is better? SECOND
Explanation: The main idea was about how bad the dress was. The second sentence does a better job at using dashes to break up the text and make the reader focus their attention on that specific piece of information.
5:
Which sentence is better? FIRST
Explanation: The second sentence doesn’t use use parenthesis and it has a significant effect. The second sentence is much harder to read than the first one, in that it’s a bit too long to go without breaks in the flow. The first sentence does a good job at identifying which piece of information is least important and parenthesizing it.
Enumeratio
Exercise 1:
2: I question why tourists always take the Staten Island Ferry since: (1) the view is not good enough to look at for an hour; (2) if you want to see the Statue of Liberty, there is a ferry that takes you to it; and (3) the majority of the ferries are not the best looking.
3: I write by starting with an introduction, then my body paragraphs, my conclusion and I finish by revisiting my introduction.
4: Every morning after I wake up I drink a sip of water, get out of bed, go to the bathroom, brush my teeth, wash my face, and end off by coming back to my room and making the bed.
5: My go-to-meals are rice with spam and a fried egg, ramen with an egg, of any variation, and toasted bread with butter on top.
6: I have a rather long commute: I walk to the bus stop to take the bus, then get on the ferry, next I take the subway to 137, and finally walk up the hill to class.
7: There are many ways to prepare coffee, but the only ones I have tried are mochas, lattes and macchiatos.
8: I have various late assignments piled up: 2 papers and multiple reading reports for a seminar class, 2 architecture portfolios, and multiple English papers.
9: She tried on the red dress, then the blue, green, purple, and pink ones, before finally settling on the green dress.
10: When I take the bus, I always notice the post office, rows of apartment buildings, and the gas stops.
Exercise 2:
2: things you like to do during summer vacation
Summer is my time to indulge in hobbies that I ignore throughout the school year, some of which are: knitting, crocheting, and playing video games in the comfort of a nicely air conditioned home.
3: where you see yourself in the next five to ten years and how you got there
Though the workload of architecture is quite draining, I hope that it pays off. I wish to do well in the next 9 semesters, get a well-paid internship at a reputable firm, make meaningful connections, and achieve a stable job in NYC.
4: the events that led to a well-known war
The main issues that led up to the Civil War can be summarized to 3 points: (1) There was a fundamental difference between the beliefs of the North vs the South over the question of slavery; (2) Neither side wanted to compromise so the issue had been continuously pushed off, allowing tensions to build; and the tipping point (3) the election of Abraham Lincoln.
5: the cycle of rain formation
Rain forms when (1) water is turned into water vapor; (2) water vapor cools and turns into tiny droplets that gather into clouds; (3) water droplets bump into another and grow; (4) the droplets get too big and fall down as rain; (5) the cycle is then repeated.
6: how to set up an email account
Though setting up an email account seems intuitive for the younger generation, there are still many people that need help. Specifically for google, you would click on the top right corner, click on create account, input all your information, create a username, create a password, input additional information and your account will have been created!
Paranthesis:
1. -One important factor underlying this concern is that Iran’s enrichment process is being conducted at the Fordow nuclear plant, a concealed enrichment facility some 20 miles (32 km) northeast of the city of Qom, which lies northwest of the center of the country (Nuclear Power in Iran, 2022).
-Sno Qap
-Effective
-It lets the reader know what the Furdow nuclear plant is, along with more factual information.
2. -After his team’s triumph in the World Cup final, Argentina legend Lionel Messi was awarded the Golden Ball, the prize given to the best player in the tournament.
-CNN
-Effective
-Lets the reader know what the significance of the Golden Ball is.
3.-“It’s sleepless nights. It’s feeling sick to your stomach. It’s just being left in the dark,” Kristi Goncalves, the mother of 21-year-old victim Kaylee Goncalves, said in an interview aired on NBC’s TODAY show Thursday.
-CNN
-Effective
– Let the reader know the age of the victim and the relation.
4. -Heart pounding, I sit bolt upright in bed, flushed, sweaty and utterly panicked. My brain has snatched me from a nightmare — a dream so alarming I wake up.
-CNN
-Not effective
-The sentence can still be said without the use of commas. The use of parenthesis here makes the sentence choppy.
5. -Africa, on the border with Peru, is built on the sandy dunes of the Atacama desert, the driest desert in the world.
-BBC
-Not effective
-This information in between is unnecessary to the story/sentence. The reader can still understand the idea without the unnecessary fact.
6.-The Fabelmans, which has already picked up nominations at the 2023 Golden Globes and Critics Choice Awards, stars Paul Dano and Michelle Williams.
-BBC
-Effective
– The fact adds significance to the film and is put in a spot in the sentence that will catch the reader’s attention.
Exercise 2:
1. Norma Jeane Mortenson, or Marylin Monroe, was a famous actress.
2. Lionel Messi, a professional soccer player, wins the Golden Ball today.
3. Omurice, created in Japan, is a sensational dish.
4. The four seasons- winter, summer, and spring- are not seen worldwide.
5. My mom asked me to do the dishes- I was doing them as she asked me!
6. My boyfriend forgot our anniversary- I hinted at it three times!
7. I introduced Mary (my wife) to everyone.
8. There was a man (28) who stole an old woman’s purse.
9. They are three miles (15840 ft) away from each other.
1. The main idea is that time and money are needed when housebreaking a puppy but the additional information that it is in short supply shows the details of the situation.
2. The main point of the sentence is to show how to win tick-tack toe but the “simple game” is less relevant information that sets up context.
3. Colas contain a caramel coloring but the addition of its counterpart, clear sodas, emphasizes the difference between the two.
4. The sentence is about DiCaprio’s selectiveness with roles but the information in between in interesting to have and emphasizes his importance as an actor.
5. The sentence is about the stability of the US which is ironic as the parenthesis is used to describe a chaotic time in French history happening in the same year.
Exercise 4:
1. First- The audience is given the information of her significance while it is still relevant.
2. Second- The commas are used in smooth-flowing spots without confusing the reader by jumping from event to event.
3. First- Shows where the claim is coming from and makes the sentence seem less factual and more like a claim, which it is.
4. Second- describes the gown when it is relevant instead of interrupting the sentence with information and throwing the reader off track.
5. First- Says all the information efficiently in a sentence and adds context to mental illness when it is relevant, swaying the audience’s opinion about mental illness before the sentence continues.
Enumeratio:
Exercise 1:
2. There are many colors in the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple.
3. There are three main stores my mom likes to go to: TJ Maxx, Target, and Marshalls
4. We can visit grandma, grandpa, or your aunt.
5. I like chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry
6. I came, I saw, I conquered.
7. Lizz, Jerry, and Lisa are my best friends.
8. Every night I brush my teeth, wash my face, and floss.
9. To do a flip you need to run, jump, flip, and land.
Exercise 2:
1. During summer vacation I like to travel, visit the beach, and play volleyball.
2. In the next 10 years I will be 28 and I will have eaten a lot, learned a lot, and grown as a person.
3. Militarism, imperialism, and alliances caused WWI.
4. In order for it to rain, there must first be evaporation, condensation, and lastly, precipitation.
5. To set up an email account you must first enter a preferred email address, then make your password, then confirm it.
Parenthesis
Exercise 1
1. –
2. Parenthesis: “Almost two years later, the notion that the Proud Boys wanted to provoke violence among the “normies” — or the normal people — in the crowd that day…”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: effective
Explanation: Some may not be able to tell what the phrase “normies” means in this context, so the writer clearly defines it as an aside.
3. Parenthesis: “The Proud Boys trial is opening in Federal District Court in Washington less than a month after Stewart Rhodes, the leader of another far-right group, the Oath Keepers militia,…”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: Yes
Explanation: With two instances of parenthesis, the writer explains both who Stewart Rhodes is as well as names the other far-right group as the Oath Keepers.
4. Parenthesis: “They will offer the jury a detailed account of how the five defendants — including Enrique Tarrio, the group’s former chairman — …”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: Yes
Explanation: By specifically mentioning that the group of defendants includes Enrique Tarrio and explaining who that is, another aspect of the importance of the proceedings is established.
5. Parenthesis: “…when Covid cases were largely being caused by the BA.5 Omicron variant — the target, in part, of the reformulated shots.”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: Yes
Explanation: The writer explains why it is relevant to include the nameo f that specific variant.
6. Parenthesis: “Historians, who have long lobbied for the reversal of the clearance revocation, praised the vacating order as a milestone.”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: Yes
Explanation: The writer contextualizes the situation and justifies why historians might feel this way.
7. Parenthesis: “Alex Wellerstein, a historian of science at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, N.J., called the reversal long overdue.”
Source: New York Times
Effective or not: Yes
Explanation: Without the introduction, we would likely not have any idea who this Alex Wellerstein is.
Exercise 2
1. –
2. I – who has never done anything wrong in my life before now — should be granted a free pass.
3. The band, who had faced tough times the last few years, was ready for a big break.
4. When we approached the waiter, a man with a mean look plastered onto his face, he was not very accommodating.
5. Our family (whose members aren’t exactly the best at communicating with each other) failed to decide on a place to eat, so we all showed up at different places.
6. We didn’t want to hear from him – or any of them, for that matter – that we were wrong and they were right.
7. The other team – who had gone 12 consecutive games without a single goal – was defeated once more.
8. When I ask you to do something – and I mean anything – you do it.
9. Until you’ve tried that roller coaster – as I have – you’ll never know the thrilling feeling.
10. When I’m hungry my go-to dish is an Italian specialty called mac and cheese – a small, tube-shaped pasta with creamy cheese sauce garnished with herbs and spices to taste.
Exercise 3
1. The parenthetical option simply acknowledges that time nd energy are in short supply as opposed to starting the statement with that obvious information.
2. The first option doesn’t really make sense since not all simple games work the same way as tic-tac-toe with “corners.”
3. The option with the parenthesis highlights that the main point of the sentence is to discuss colas and their caramel coloring as opposed to compare clear sodas and colas.
4. By mentioning the famous movies he has been in, the option with the parenthesis gives proof as to how selective DiCaprio is with his roles.
5. The main idea of the sentence is to discuss political stability in the U.S. in contrast with France. The second option gives them each equal weight, while the one with the parenthesis accurately highlights the United States.
Exercise 4
1. The first option is more effective because it flows better; two separate sentences are not needed to explain both who McKennitt is and mentioning where and when she will be appearing.
2. The second option is much more effective since it is actually legible; the first option is essentially a run-on sentence, so it is important to insert pauses in the form of periods.
3. The first option is better since it attributes its claim to a reliable source.
4. The second option is more effective since it makes use of periods and dashes to clearly separate parts of the sentence.
5. The second option is more effective since it comes across more like the assertion it is.
Enumeratio
Exercise 1
1. –
2. I would make a great candidate because of my years of experience, my instinct for customer service, my willingness to help others, and my startingly long legs.
3. First, I went to the hotel to change, then went to the beach, after which I took a shower back at the hotel, took a nap, woke up, and went back to the beach.
4. You are grounded, which means no TV, no phone, no candy, and no contact with the outside world.
5. Next semester, I’m taking philosophy, psychology, calculus, art, and English.
6. There are a lot of reasons to reject the plan, but mostly it’s because it’s not affordable, it’s not feasible, it won’t attract customers, and it’s illegal.
7. When you set up a guitar there are many steps involved, from checking and adjusting the neck relief, to measuring action, to adjusting the string height to match the fretboard radius, all the way to filing the fretboard ends.
8. Some neat rhetorical devices include parallelism, hypophora, parenthesis, and enumeratio.
9. I don’t want to work with you because you’re lazy, you cause trouble, you steal money from the cash register, and you scare people away, myself included.
10. You gotta crack the egg, throw it in the pan, scramble, wait until it’s cooked, then put it on a plate.
Exercise 2
1.
2. During my summer vacation, I like to go to the beach, play tennis, ride my bike, go to the lake, and hike.
3. In five to ten years, I’ll be married with three kids, have a stable job, and an adequately sized house.
4. Before that one big war, people from religious group A attacked people from religious group B, so they retaliated, until more people from religious group A attacked even more people from religious group B, at which point war was declared by a bystander who felt it was about time to make it official.
5. Water evaporates into the atmosphere, which then condenses in the formation of clouds, which then precipitate to cause rain to fall.
6. First, you go to gmail.com, click on ‘create an account,’ enter the relevant information, click done, and that’s it; you have an email address (yay).
Parenthesis
2. During DNA duplication in the S phase, each chromosome is replicated to produce two identical
copies—sister chromatids that are held together at the centromere by cohesin proteins, which hold the chromatids together until anaphase II.
Source: Biology Textbook
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: It makes it clearer which are the two identical copies and which proteins hold them together
3 Parenthesis: Her father, Jan Willemsz, owned a brewery called the “Leyster” (lodestar), from which the family took its surname.
Source: National Gallery of Art
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: It introduced the name of the father making the reader more familiar with the story
4 Parenthesis: His academic abilities were recognized by the local priest, who persuaded his parents to send him away to school at the age of 11.
Source: Britannica
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: Gives important information that reveal more about the childhood of Gregor Mendel
5 Parenthesis: As you age, it’s important to protect your bones, joints, and muscles – they support your body and help you move.
Source: CDC
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: gives important info as to why you should protect your muscles and bones
6 Parenthesis: Consider purchasing vitamin C products from your dermatologist’s office or a verified online retailer, with a clinical formulation that contains an active form of vitamin C (for instance, L-ascorbic acid), has a strength of 10% to 20%, and a pH lower than 3.5, as this combination has been studied in clinical trials.
Source: Harvard Health Publishing
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: gives an example of the formulation which aids people to look for a specific one
7 Parenthesis: Light therapy requires a light box that emits 10,000 lux (a measure of light intensity).
Source: Harvard Health Publishing
Effective or not: Effective
Explanation: It explains what lux is which is a relevant information
Exercise 2
2. Maryam , who is Sarah’s sister, had expressed she was upset with me.
3. Instead of campaigning for all states, they can only focus on a few (battleground) states, and reduce the costs of electoral campaigning.
4. Unfortunately, I cannot help you with this problem.
5. Anna is, in my opinion, worthy of the title.
6. You have improved, needless to say.
7. Of course, it is not just a duty, it is a responsibility
8. The secret History, I think, was announced as a New York’s best seller.
9. She’s only a kid, after all.
10. Well, things have gotten awkward.
Exercise 3
1. When the expression “which are often in short supply” is parenthetical it does not take away from the main point but it adds a comedic effect instead.
2. When used as a parenthesis it does not seem as undermining towards the difficulty of the game.
3. The contrast is made right away in less words than when it is not a parenthesis.
4. Makes it clear who the actor is for people who may not know him
5. When used as a parenthesis it implies that the knowledge is already there and so there is no need for shifting the attention to what is the year known for
Exercise 4.
1. FIRST it introduces the singer in a subtle way and there is no need to be have extra sentences.
2. SECOND – the first one is too confusing and difficult to read due to the way in which it is constructed
3. FIRST- adds credibility when it is mentioning a reliable source
4. SECOND- uses dashes properly to make sure the attention of the reader is not shifted to another idea.
5. SECOND- the first makes it seem as if it is listing diseases
—————————————————————————-
Enumeratio
Exercise 1
2. The only way to loose weight: Get into a calorie deficit, Eat healthy and a balanced macro diet, and go to the gym.
3. Schools should stop crushing a student’s creativity, determination and ambitions.
4. The year is coming to end but it has been a year of hope, happiness and events, so I am very grateful.
5. There are many reasons as to why this happened: first lack of resources; second location; and third a misuse of technology
6. He began with the soup, then he cooked a steak and finally he baked a dessert
7. There are three simple steps to follow: step down, calm yourself, and think it over.
8. I will explain the right way of making cereal: first pour the cereal in a bowl; second pour milk in the bowl; third enjoy and refill accordingly
9. There are many ways you can exhibit your skills, with museums, social media or social gatherings.
10. The night skin care routine involves a two base cleanse, then scrubbing, vitamin c application, a face mask and lastly a moisturizer.
Exercise 2
there are many things I like doing during summer vacation, I certainly love going to the beach, I love hanging out with friends and getting ice cream.
In the next ten years I see myself finishing med school through my resilience, hard work and determination.
Reason why this war happened were not weak, the government had too much control, the people were constantly facing oppression and the brutality of the crimes was horrible.
The cycle of rain formation begins with evaporation then condensation and finally precipitation
Setting up an email account involves a few easy steps: begin with adding your name, age phone number and lastly a strong password